ap biology - organelles

nucleus

found in plant and animal cells. stores dna and contains the nucleolus.It is the control center of the cell, regulating gene expression and cell division.

nucleolus

found in the nucleus and eukaryotic ce, responsible for producing ribosomes. It is a dense structure composed of RNA and proteins.

ribosomes

found in all cells, mainly in the cytoplasm and the rough ER. Main function is to make proteins.

Rough ER

found in eukaryotic cells. studded with ribosomes, responsible for protein synthesis.

Smooth ER

Found in eukaryotic cells, responsible for lipid synthesis and cell detoxification.

Golgi

found in prokaryotes. modifies, packages, and ships proteins.

plasma membrane

found in all cells, composed of a phospholipid bilayer which has selective permeability and accounts for the structure of the cell. organelles also have this.

centrioles and centrosomes

found in animal cells. organizes microtubules and accounts for cell division during mitosis. 

cytoplasm

aka the cytosol. a fluid found in all cells, contains a pathway for nutrients and waste transport.

cytoskeleton

made of protein filaments and found in eukaryotes. provides cell structure as well as a highway for molecules.

mitochondria

all eukaryotes. location of cell respiration and ATP production. lots of folds, increases surface area.

chloroplast

found in eukaryotic plant cells. location of photosynthesis and contains chlorophyll, a green pigment found in most plants.

lysosomes

found in most animal cells, controls enzymes and their digestion, recycles material and is responsible for apoptosis (programmed cell death)

secretory vesicle

found in eukaryotes, sacs that transport proteins and other molecules from the golgi.

food vacuole

eukaryote, stores H2o, food, and some wastes

central vacuole

found in plant cells. accounts for water, nutrient, and waste storage. provides targor pressure.

cilia

found in eukaryotes. hair like structures that move molecules and single cell organisms.

cell wall

found in plant cells and prokaryotic cells. made of cellulose, provide structure and support. 

peroxisome

eukaryotic, produces hydrogen peroxide, detox. breakdown similar to lysosomes.

extracellular matrix

found in all cells, liquid surrounding the cell

microtubules

found In eukaryotes, hollow structures that make the cytoskeleton. proteins move along.

centromere

eukaryotic animal cells, facilitates the separation of chromosomes during cell division and mitosis.