Studied by 7 people
copy of Unit 5 vocab by shagun_poonia
Agribusiness
Large corporation that provides a vast array of goods and services to support the agricultural industry
Aquaculture
The cultivation and harvesting of aquatic organisms under controlled conditions
Bid-Rent Theory
Explains how the demand for and price of land decrease as its distance from the central business district increases
Cadastral Survey
Systematic documentation of property ownership
Cash crop
A crop raised to be sold for profit rather than to feed the farm family and the livestock; common cash crops are cotton
Central Business District (CBD)
A dense cluster of offices and shops located at a city's most accessible point
Cereal Grains
Seeds that come from a wide variety of grasses cultivated around the world
Clustered settlement or farm village
A tightly bunched farm settlement that has anywhere from a few dozen to several hundred inhabitants
Columbian Exchange
The interaction and widespread transfer of plants
Commercial Agriculture
Farming oriented exclusively toward the production of agricultural commodities for sale in the market
Commodity
A primary agricultural product or raw material that is bought
Commodity Chain
A series of links connecting a commodity's many places of production and distribution
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO)
Animal rearing system that confines livestock (such as cattle
Crossbreeding
The act of mixing different species or varieties of plants or animals to produce hybrids
Dairying
A farming system that specializes in the breeding
Dispersed Settlement or Isolated Settlement Pattern
A settlement pattern in which families live relatively distant from one another
Domesticated Animal
An animal that depends on people for food and shelter and is different from its wild ancestors in looks and behavior as a result of close contact with humans
Domesticated Plant
A plant that is deliberately planted
Double-Cropping
Planting another crop on the same plot of land as soon as the first crop has been harvested
Extensive Agriculture
Crop cultivation and livestock rearing systems that require little hired labor or monetary investment to successfully raise crops and animals
Fair Trade
A certification program that supports good crop prices for farmers and environmentally sound farming practices
Feedlot
A fenced enclosure used for intensive livestock feeding that serves to limit livestock movement and associated weight loss
Fertile Crescent
Area in Southwest Asia that includes the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates; the earliest center for domestication of seed plants
First Agricultural Revolution
Period during which the early domestication and diffusion of plants and animals and the cultivation of seed crops led to the development of agriculture
Food Desert
Area with limited access to fresh
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)
A living organism
Grain Farming
A highly mechanized commercial farming system that specializes in the production of cereal grains; requires large farms and widespread use of machinery
Green Revolution
The U.S.-supported development of high-yield seed varieties that increased the productivity of cereal crops and accompanying agricultural technologies for transfer to less developed countries
Hearth
A center where innovations or new practices develop and from which the innovations or new practices spread or diffuse
Herbicide
Pesticide designed to kill or inhibit the growth of unwanted plants (weeds) that compete with crops
Hybrid
The offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties
Intensive Agriculture
Crop cultivation and livestock rearing systems that use high levels of labor and capital relative to the size of the landholding
Intercropping
The farming practice of planting multiple crops together in the same clearing
Irrigated Agriculture
Farming that relies on the controlled application of water to cultivated fields
Large-scale Commercial Operation
A large-scale farm oriented exclusively toward the production of agricultural commodities for sale in the market
Linear Settlement Pattern
A settlement pattern in which buildings are arranged in a line
Livestock Ranching
The practice of using extensive tracts of land to rear herds of livestock to sell as meat
Long-lot Survey System
A unit-block surveying system whose basic unit is a rectangle that is typically 10 times longer than it is wide
Market Gardening
A small-scale farming system in which a farmer plants one to a few acres that produce a diverse mixture of vegetables and fruits
Mechanical Reaper
A machine used to harvest grain crops mechanically; patented by Cyrus McCormick in 1831
Metes and Bounds
Survey system that uses natural features such as trees
Mixed Crop/Livestock Agriculture
A diversified system of agriculture based on the cultivation of cereal grains and root crops (such as potatoes and yams) and the rearing of herd livestock
Monocropping (Monoculture)
The cultivation of a single commercial crop on extensive tracts of land
Multicropping
Planting two or three crops per year on the same land
Nomadic Herding (Nomadic Pastoralism)
A system of breeding and rearing herd livestock
Organic Farming
The production of crops and livestock using ecological processes
Pesticide
Material used to kill or repel animals or insects that can damage
Plantation
Large landholding devoted to capital-intensive
Second Agricultural Revolution
Period that brought improved methods of cultivation
Shifting Cultivation
The cultivation of a plot of land until it becomes less productive
Subsidies
Guaranteed prices for staple food crops
Subsistence Agriculture
Food production mainly for consumption by the farming family and local community
Township and Range
Land survey system created by the U.S. Land Ordinance of 1785
Truck Farm
A scaled-up version of market gardening
Urban Farming
The practice of growing fruits and vegetables on small private plots or shared community gardens within the confines of a city
Note 
Flashcard (24)