5.10 Urbanization and Its Effects

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to urbanization, its environmental implications, and solutions.

Urbanization

Removal of vegetation to convert natural landscape to city

Replaces soil, vegetation with concrete/cement

Groundwater Recharge

The process where water infiltrates the ground to replenish aquifers, which is hindered by urbanization.

Urbanization prevents groundwater recharge, causing precipitation to runoff into local bodies of water

Impervious surfaces

Human-made surfaces like roads and rooftops that prevent water from infiltrating the soil, leading to runoff.

Saltwater Intrusion

The movement of salt water into freshwater aquifers, usually happens when too much fresh water is pumped out, lowering water levels and allowing salty water to take its place

Due to sea level rise, and excessive groundwater withdrawal

Urban Sprawl

The uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into rural land, resulting in environmental challenges and changes in land use.

Cuases:

Cheaper property than in cities

Domino effect (neighbors leave, so you leave)

Suburbs

Less densely populated residential areas that surround urban centers, often attracting people from cities.

Urban Growth Boundaries

Zoning laws designed to limit urban expansion and protect rural land from development.

Mixed Land Use

A planning approach that incorporates residential, commercial, and recreational spaces to create walkable communities.