American history unit 3 quiz

Formation of the Free Soil Movement

Focused on opposing the expansion of slavery into the Western territories

Formation of the Republican Party

Began in opposition to the Kansas-Nebraska Act and against the spread of slavery to territories and new states (support in north)

Lincoln's 1858 Senate Race

Lincoln challenged Douglas for an Illinois Senate seat, to a series of debates across Illinois, focused on the issue of slavery and expansion (he lost)

"A House Divided Against Itself Cannot Stand"

Lincoln used this Biblical reference to argue for national unity when the nation continued to fight about slavery

(The U.S. could not continue to exist half slave and half free, the nation must unite)

Lincoln Elected President, 1860

-Triggers the secession of Southern states and leads directly to Civil War

-represents sectional division over slavery and states' rights

-Southern states viewed his election as a direct threat on slavery and their economy

3 multiple choice options

Lincoln's 1st Inauguration

-a plea for unity

-a last minute attempt to prevent armed conflict

-Although seven Southern states had already seceded, Lincoln argued secession was unconstitutional.

3 multiple choice options

Popular Sovereignty Rises

let the residents of the territories vote on whether to allow slavery, rather than having the federal government decide

Compromise of 1850

admitted California as a free state, created the territories of Utah and New Mexico under popular sovereignty, abolished the slave trade in D.C., and enacted the Fugitive Slave Act.

Henry David Thoreou Criticized the Compromise of 1850

He thought that the Northerners should help people escape slavery even though it was against the law.

California Became a State

California was a diverse area full of people from many economic and social backgrounds who sought educational opportunities and increased quality of life

Fugitive Slave Act Passed

Required the federal government to capture and return people who escaped slavery, making it a federal crime to help anyone escape slavery

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Allowed the settlers of the Kansas and Nebraska territories to decide whether to permit slavery through "popular sovereignty."

leading to the formation of the Republican Party

(Opened slavery above the 36 30 line)

Uncle Tom's Cabin

Improved the public's attitudes towards Black Americans and moved people towards abolition

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Determined that enslaved people were not U.S. citizens and therefore had no right to sue in federal court (Escalated tensions leading to Civil War)

Declaration of Immediate Causes

Explained the reasons for South Carolina secession from the Union, Discussing issues like states' rights and slavery, and accused the North of not enforcing the Fugitive Slave Act

Confederate States of America Formed

Formed to preserve states' rights, slavery, and an agrarian economy, leading to the Civil War (fought to preserve slavery and the interstate slave trade)

Jefferson Davis Elected Confederate President

A symbol of Southern secession, states' rights, and slavery

Attack on Fort Sumter

Turned a political crisis into a military conflict

Confederate troops fired on U.S. military base at Fort Sumter, SC

Marked the beginning of the U.S. Civil War, lasted 4 years

Civil War Began

This war worked to resolve fundamental issues about state sovereignty and slavery, eventually strengthening the power of the federal government and ending slavery

William T. Sherman Appointed Colonel

Most famous for his leadership in the capture of Atlanta and the March to the Sea

The Civil War Military Draft Act

First national conscription in U.S. history. It was controversial because wealthy men could pay fees to avoid service, exposing social divisions and sparking widespread resentment.

it lead the Union to eventual victory, it exposed class divisions and racial prejudices.

The Battle of Gettysburg

One of the bloodiest battles with 50,000 deaths, leading to a Union victory and the end of Lee’s invasion of the North

Sherman's March

Led about 62k soldiers on a 285 mile march of total war, destroying railroads and ports

Writ of Habeas Corpus Suspended

Abraham Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus to allow the Union military to detain suspected Confederate spies without trial

The Supreme Court ruled this unconstitutional, which Lincoln ignored but

eventually Congress also approved it

Emancipation Proclamation

Executive order by President Lincoln

Declaring all enslaved people in Confederate territory to be free

(Fundamentally changed the war's purpose away from simply preserving the Union towards ending slavery)

Britain and France Refused to Help the Confederacy

they refused because they did not want to promote slavery, they did not rely on Southern cotton much anymore, and they faced pressure from the Union not to support the South.

Draft Riots (Civil War)

Began as a protest against the federal draft law but escalated into a deadly race riot fueled by deep economic, social, and racial tensions (Triggered by the Enrollment Act of 1863 )