German Diction Midterm

When is a vowel closed and long?

In a stressed element. When followed by one consonant, when it is the final vowel, and when it is followed by h.

When is a vowel short and open?

When followed by more than one consonant.

Rules for “a”s

Open-a, Closed-ɑ, ä-ɛ

-ai or -ei

a:e

-au

ɑ:o

-eu or -äu

ɔ:ø

Closed ü [y] placement

T=i L=u

Open ü [Y] placement

T=ɪ L=ʊ

Closed ö [ø] placement

T=e L=o

Open ö [œ] placement

T=ɛ L=ɔ

What r: initial or medial in an element (1)

rolled (1)

What r: after open vowels (2)

rolled(2)

What r: doubled in the same element (3)

rolled (3)

what r: between two vowel sounds

flipped

What r: after a closed-long vowel (1)

syllabic or flipped (1)

What r: final in prefixes

syllabic or flipped

What r: in single syllable words (3)

Syllabic or flipped (3)

What r: as a prefix (2)

Syllabic or flipped (2)

What r: suffix or inflected endings w/-er

syllabic or rolled

What r: r-r between two elements

syllabic . rolled

ng in the same element

ŋ

n g between two elements

n.g

nk in the same element

ŋk

n k between two elements

n.k

c before a front vowel sound

ts

c before a back vowel sound or consonant-except h

k

ch after a front vowel sound or consonant

ç

ch after a back vowel sound

x

chs in one element

ks

ch s between two elements

ç.s

the four voiced/unvoiced consonants

b, d, g, s

when should the consonant be voiced?

when initial in an element or intervallic  

When should a consonant be unvoiced?

final position in an element

Voiced/unvoiced: before s or an unvoiced consonant

Unvoiced

Voiced/Unvoiced: doubled in a single element

voiced

Voiced or unvoiced: doubled between two elements

first: unvoiced second: voiced

ig final or before a consonant

ɪç

ig before a vowel

ɪg

ig when followed by a syllable with the [ɪç] sound

ɪk

double ss between two elements

s.z

sch in same element

ʃ

s ch between two elements

s.ç

sp initial in a word element

ʃp

st initial in a word element

ʃt