A&P lecture 3

Hypertension has been known to increase afterload, resulting in a _______ ESV and a _______ SV.

increased; decreased

Which of the following is not part of the conduction system of the heart?

 AV valve

Which of the events below does not occur when the semilunar valves are open?

Ventricles are in diastole

All of the following are examples of positive inotropic agents, except

Calcium blockers

Isovolumetric contraction ________

refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

Histologically, the ________ is squamous epithelium supported by a sparse connective tissue layer.

tunica intima

Which tunic of an artery is most responsible for maintaining blood pressure and continous blood circulation?

tunica media

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is ________.

significant because resistance is inversely proportional to the fourth power of the vessel radius

When viewing a dissected heart, it is easy to visually discern the right and left ventricles by ________.

noticing the thickness of the ventricle walls

The only vessel that allows for gas and nutrient exchange

capillaries

As a blood pressure cuff is deflated on the arm, sounds of ________ can be heard

Korotkoff

Which of the following is not an age-related change affecting the heart?

thinning of the valve flaps

1.) Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the left atrium.
2.) Hypercalcemia could cause prolonged T waves

Both statements are true

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the ________.

left atrium

What do the ductus arteriosus and the foramen ovale become at birth?

ligamentum arteriosum; fossa ovalis

Which statement best describes arteries?

All carry blood away from the heart.

The order of impulse conduction in the heart, from beginning to end, is:

SA node, AV node, bundle of His, bundle branches, and Purkinje fibers.

1.) The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries.
2.) Pacemaker cells are noncontractile cells that can spontaneously depolarize.

both statements are true

Venules UNITE to form _______!

veins

The arteries that directly feed into the capillary beds are called ________.

arterioles

valvular stenosis

harding of the valves. causes restriction

arrhythmias

weak, uncoordinated rhythm

angina pectoris

pain due to myocardial infarction

myocardial infarction

heart attack, cardiac tissue death

when semilunar valves are open:

AV valves are closed

Ventricles are in systole

Blood enters the pulmonary arteries and aorta

Age related changes in the heart:

Fibrosis of cardiac muscle

Decline in cardiac reserve

Atherosclerosis

Arterioles-

Site where resistance to blood flow is greatest

Site that is the major determinant of peripheral resistance

Capillaries-

Site where exchanges of food and gases are made

Large Veins-

Site where blood pressure is lowest

Large arteries-

Site where the velocity of blood flow is fastest

Capillaries-

Site where the velocity of blood flow is slowest

Large veins-

Site where the blood pressure is greatest

What are Korotkoff sounds?

sounds when taking blood pressure

tunica intima

is one layer of squamous epithelium

tunica media

smooth muscle and can help with blood pressure

Define an artery

sends blood away from heart

define a vein

sends blood towards heart

define a capillary

exchange in nutrients and gases

pulse pressure=

systolic pressure-diastolic pressure (subtract the two)

name the type of artery that feeds the capillaries

arterioles

factors that aid in venous return:

Muscle activity

Breathing

Veonus valves

The influence of blood vessel diameter on peripheral resistance is significant because resistance is ____ proportional to the fourth power of vessel radius

Inversely