APWH- Period 2- Main Ideas

Portugal

first European nation to begin a sustained campaign of exploration.

significance of Vasco de Gama's 1499 voyage

opened direct maritime trade and made links between Europe and Asia

Ottomans

group rose to dominate the Middle East and southeastern Europe, defended Islam's holy sites

Shiite Islam

official religion of the Safavid Empire

British and Dutch East India Companies

private trading companies that were licensed by their governments

Columbian Exchange

exchange of people, food, ideas, and diseases that resulted from European colonies in the Americas

German princes

people who turned Protestant because it was politically advantageous

capitalism

lessened government control of the economy and relied on the principal of competition

Tokugawa shogunate

characterized by rigid social classes and feudalism

printing press

spread information during the Protestant Reformation, which helped it gain more support

triangular trade routes

raw goods from the Americas to Europe, European manufactured goods to Africa, slaves from Africa to the Americas

samurai

Japanese social group that was losing status around 1750

Ming and Qing

Chinese dynasties whose priorities led to China's regression in world status/power

disease

brought by Europeans that had a large impact on the American population

Africa

where the majority of slaves in the Americas came from

African coasts

largely affected by slave trade

African interior

largely unaffected by slave trade

male

gender of majority of African slaves traded to the Americas

female

gender of majority of African slaves traded to the Middle East

gold and salt

commodities that led to the vast wealth of the West African Trading kingdoms