Shaping Landscapes- Chapter 4

Endogenous proceses

Endogenous proceses

forces and processes that happen inside the Earth

Exogenous processes

forces and processes that happen on the surface of the earth

Weathering

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

Erosion

Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)

Sediments

small pieces of rock, soil, and other materials

igneous rock

a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface

sedimentary rock

a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment

Metamorphic rock

A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.

Physical weathering

Breaking down rocks through physical processes like freezing and thawing

Chemical weathering

the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions

Biological weathering

Physical or chemical weathering caused by plants or animals.

Glacier

A large mass of moving ice and snow on land

Cirque

a bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier

U-shaped valley

The shape of a valley formed by the erosion of a glacier

Arête

a sharp mountain ridge

Moraine

a mass of rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier, typically as ridges at its edges or extremity.

Deposition

the process in which material is laid down on the surface of the earth

Transportation

The process by which material is moved or delivered from one place to another.

Pyramidal Peak

an angular, sharply pointed mountain peak which results from glacial erosion.

Plucking

The process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land

Abrasion

The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind

V-shaped valley

Valleys eroded due to fast flowing water often found in upland areas

Waterfall

A stream of water that falls from a high place.

Meander

A bend in a river

Delta

A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake

longshore drift

The movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming in to shore at an angle