Shaping Landscapes- Chapter 4
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26 Terms
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Endogenous proceses
forces and processes that happen inside the Earth
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Exogenous processes
forces and processes that happen on the surface of the earth
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Weathering
The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.
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Erosion
Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)
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Sediments
small pieces of rock, soil, and other materials
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igneous rock
a type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface
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sedimentary rock
a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment
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Metamorphic rock
A type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions.
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Physical weathering
Breaking down rocks through physical processes like freezing and thawing
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Chemical weathering
the process by which rocks break down as a result of chemical reactions
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Biological weathering
Physical or chemical weathering caused by plants or animals.
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Glacier
A large mass of moving ice and snow on land
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Cirque
a bowl-shaped hollow eroded by a glacier
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U-shaped valley
The shape of a valley formed by the erosion of a glacier
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Arête
a sharp mountain ridge
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Moraine
a mass of rocks and sediment carried down and deposited by a glacier, typically as ridges at its edges or extremity.
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Deposition
the process in which material is laid down on the surface of the earth
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Transportation
The process by which material is moved or delivered from one place to another.
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Pyramidal Peak
an angular, sharply pointed mountain peak which results from glacial erosion.
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Plucking
The process by which a glacier picks up rocks as it flows over the land
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Abrasion
The grinding away of rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice, or wind
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V-shaped valley
Valleys eroded due to fast flowing water often found in upland areas
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Waterfall
A stream of water that falls from a high place.
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Meander
A bend in a river
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Delta
A landform made of sediment that is deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake
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longshore drift
The movement of water and sediment down a beach caused by waves coming in to shore at an angle
