AP World Unit 2.3 The Indian Ocean Trade Network

"Define the Indian Ocean trade network."

"The Indian Ocean trade network refers to a system of sea routes that connected various states throughout Afro-Eurasia for trade."

"Explain the significance of the collapse of the Mongol Empire on trade."

"The collapse of the Mongol Empire in the 14th century led to a decline in the safety and ease of travel along the Silk Roads, prompting a shift towards increased maritime trade in the Indian Ocean."

"Describe the term 'Maritime' in the context of trade."

"Maritime refers to anything related to the sea, particularly in the context of trade conducted via sea routes."

"How did innovations in commercial practices affect Indian Ocean trade?"

"Innovations such as money economies and the ability to buy goods on credit made trade easier and increased the use of Indian Ocean trade routes."

"What technological advancements improved navigation during the Indian Ocean trade expansion?"

"Improvements included the magnetic compass, the astrolabe for measuring stars, and the increasing use of the lateen sail for better wind navigation."

"Explain the role of monsoon winds in Indian Ocean trade."

"Monsoon winds blew predictably in different directions depending on the time of year, facilitating maritime trade by allowing sailors to plan their journeys accordingly."

"Describe the impact of shipbuilding improvements on trade in the Indian Ocean."

"Improvements in shipbuilding, such as the development of the Chinese junk, allowed for larger cargo capacities, enhancing the efficiency and volume of trade."

"Identify one reason for the expansion of the Indian Ocean trade network during the specified time period."

"One reason for the expansion was the innovations in transportation technology, which improved navigation and shipbuilding."

"How did the use of credit influence trade in the Indian Ocean?"

"The ability to buy goods on credit made transactions easier, encouraging more trade along the Indian Ocean routes."

"What was the relationship between the Silk Roads and the Indian Ocean trade network?"

"The decline of the Silk Roads due to the Mongol Empire's collapse led to a greater emphasis on maritime trade in the Indian Ocean."

"Describe the significance of Dows in the Indian Ocean trade."

"Dows were larger and improved trading ships that allowed for the transportation of more cargo, facilitating trade across the Indian Ocean."

"Explain the types of goods traded in the Indian Ocean."

"The Indian Ocean trade primarily involved luxury goods, but with the advent of larger ships, more common items like cotton textiles and grains could also be transported in bulk."

"How did the spread of Islam influence trade in the Indian Ocean?"

"Islam, being a belief system friendly to merchants, created conditions for increased connectivity and trade along both land-based routes like the Silk Roads and sea-based routes in the Indian Ocean."

"Identify the first effect of the expansion of the Indian Ocean trade."

"The first effect was the growth of powerful trading cities, which became wealthy due to their strategic locations and participation in the trade."

"What role did the Swahili city-states play in the Indian Ocean trade?"

"The Swahili city-states grew powerful and wealthy by strategically benefiting from trade, importing gold, ivory, and enslaved people, and converting to Islam."

"Describe the economic impact of Malacca on the Indian Ocean trade."

"Malacca, as the capital of the sultanate, controlled the Strait of Malacca, allowing it to become extremely wealthy by taxing ships passing through its waters."

"Explain the relationship between trade and the construction of public works in the Swahili city-states."

"The wealth generated from trade allowed the Swahili city-states to build magnificent mosques and public works, showcasing their prosperity."

"Define the term 'Indian Ocean trade network'."

"The Indian Ocean trade network refers to the extensive maritime trade routes that connected various regions, facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas."

"How did the Indian Ocean trade network affect the region of Gujarat in India?"

"Gujarat became a significant player in the Indian Ocean trade, benefiting from its strategic location and engaging in the exchange of goods."

"Discuss the importance of the Strait of Malacca in the context of Indian Ocean trade."

"The Strait of Malacca was crucial as it served as the eastern entry and exit point of the Indian Ocean trade network, allowing Malacca to control and profit from maritime traffic."

"Describe the geographical significance of the West Coast in relation to trade."

"The West Coast is strategically located as a midpoint between East and Southeast Asia and Africa, benefiting from a massive coastline and rich agricultural areas that facilitate trade."

"Explain the role of diaspora communities in the Indian Ocean network."

"Diaspora communities consist of groups of people from one place who establish homes in another while retaining their cultural customs, serving as a connective tissue that enhances trade and cultural exchange within the Indian Ocean network."

"Define the term 'diaspora' in the context of trade."

"Diaspora refers to a group of people who have dispersed from their original homeland and established communities elsewhere, maintaining their cultural identity and customs."

"How did Chinese merchants contribute to trade in Southeast Asia?"

"Chinese merchants established permanent communities in Southeast Asia, interacting with local merchants and governments to facilitate trade."

"Discuss the impact of cultural and technological transfers in the Indian Ocean network."

"Cultural and technological transfers are significant as merchants traveling trade routes bring their religion, language, and technology, influencing the cultures they interact with."

"What was the role of Admiral Zheng He in the Indian Ocean network?"

"Admiral Zheng He was commissioned by China's Ming Dynasty to explore the Indian Ocean and engage with other states, promoting trade and cultural exchange."

"Identify the types of goods traded from the West Coast to the Middle East."

"Goods such as cotton textiles and indigo were traded from the West Coast in exchange for gold and silver from the Middle East."

"Explain how taxation affected the wealth of Gujarat authorities."

"Gujarat authorities taxed ships coming and going from their ports, which contributed to their increased wealth."

"Describe the significance of cultural exchanges along trade routes."

"Cultural exchanges along trade routes are as important as the goods exchanged, as they lead to the sharing of religions, languages, and technologies among different cultures."

"How did the Indian Ocean network facilitate the establishment of trade communities?"

"The Indian Ocean network allowed for the establishment of trade communities by enabling merchants from various regions to settle in new areas, fostering interaction and trade."

"Describe the scale of the fleet on the first voyage of the tributary system."

"The fleet included approximately 300 ships with crews totaling more than 27,000 men."

"Explain the significance of the military technology used by Jung-ho's ships."

"The ships were equipped with the latest military technology, including gunpowder cannons, which were later adopted in many regions."

"Define the role of the Ming Dynasty in trade during the post-classical period."

"The Ming Dynasty insisted on state-led trade partnerships, which led various states around the Indian Ocean to take more significant roles in trade."

"How did the tributary system impact maritime expeditions in the post-classical era?"

"The tributary system contributed to the scale and sophistication of maritime expeditions, exemplified by Jung-ho's impressive fleet."

"Do the advancements in military technology during Jung-ho's voyages have a lasting impact?"

"Yes, the advancements, such as gunpowder cannons, were adopted by many regions, influencing military practices."

"Explain the importance of state-led trade partnerships in the context of the Ming Dynasty."

"State-led trade partnerships under the Ming Dynasty facilitated increased trade activity and collaboration among various states in the Indian Ocean."