criminology-AC 3.2-evaluate the effectiveness of biological/physiological theories

evaluate the effectiveness of biological/physiological theories

2 strengths of Lombroso’s theory

1-research has found low intelligence in convicts which suggests a genetic basis.

2-less attractive individuals are more likely to be considered guilty.

2 weaknesses of Lombroso’s theory

1. Scientific racism-atavistic features linked to ethnic features. To wipe out atavistic features would be eugenics.

2. further research used a non criminal control group and found no difference in behaviour.

2 strengths of Sheldons theory

1. From a sample of delinquents-60% were mesomorphs.

2. Sheldon had a control group-making his study more reliable.

2 weaknesses of Sheldons theory

-somatotype isn’t fixed

-mesomorphs are treated more harshly by the justice system.

2 strengths of twin studies

-twins share an upbringing so external factors are less likely.

-research suggests a strong genetic basis.

2 weaknesses of twin studies

1. to specific to carry over to general population,

2. twins don’t necessarily always get treated the same.

2 strengths of adoption studies?

1. adopted children are generally seperated from criminal environments-nurture can be ruled out.

2. Correlation between bio children and adoptive parents can be proven.

2 weaknesses of adoption studies?

-age of adoption may influence criminality/children already witnessed criminal behaviour.

-adoption age isn’t random-children may be placed with similar parents.