Victor Hugo
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40 Terms
What play established Victor Hugo as the leader of French Romanticism?
Hernani (1830), a play that broke classical theatre rules and introduced the Romantic drama in France.
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What event marked the arrival of Romantic drama in France?
The "Bataille d’Hernani," a clash between traditionalists and supporters of Hugo during the play's debut.
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What themes did Hernani introduce to French theatre?
It broke the unity rules, introduced burlesque moments in tragedy, and disrupted traditional Alexandrine poetry.
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What was Victor Hugo's initial political stance?
Hugo began as a monarchist before shifting towards progressive and leftist ideas.
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Why did Victor Hugo go into exile?
He opposed Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte’s coup d’état in 1851 and the establishment of the Second Empire.
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Where did Victor Hugo live during his exile?
In Belgium, and later in the Channel Islands of Jersey and Guernsey.
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What nickname did Hugo give Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte?
"Napoléon le Petit," a derogatory term used in his political writings.
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What poetic work did Hugo write during his exile?
Les Châtiments (1853), a collection of poems condemning the Second Empire.
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What promise did Victor Hugo make about returning to France?
He vowed to only return after the fall of the Second Empire.
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How many people attended Victor Hugo's funeral?
Nearly two million people attended his national funeral in 1885.
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What are the main themes of Notre-Dame de Paris?
The novel explores love, deformity, and social issues through Quasimodo and Esmeralda in medieval Paris.
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Who are the main characters in Notre-Dame de Paris?
Quasimodo, the deformed bell-ringer, and Esmeralda, the beautiful gypsy dancer.
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What is the central theme of Les Misérables?
Redemption, as seen through the journey of Jean Valjean from criminal to moral citizen.
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Who is Jean Valjean?
An ex-convict seeking redemption after being inspired by the kindness of Bishop Myriel.
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Who relentlessly pursues Jean Valjean in Les Misérables?
Inspector Javert, a police officer dedicated to justice.
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Who is Cosette in Les Misérables?
An orphan mistreated by the Thénardiers and later adopted by Jean Valjean.
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Who is Gavroche in Les Misérables?
A rebellious Parisian street urchin who dies heroically during an uprising.
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What is Gavroche’s famous song?
"Si j’ai le cul par terre, c’est la faute à Voltaire, si j’suis dans le ruisseau, c’est la faute à Rousseau."
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What does La Légende des Siècles depict?
The epic history of humanity, from biblical times to modernity.
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What is a famous line from La Légende des Siècles?
"L’œil était dans la tombe, et regardait Caïn," from the poem La Conscience.
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What inspired Les Contemplations?
Hugo's personal grief over the accidental drowning of his daughter Léopoldine.
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What is the most famous poem in Les Contemplations?
"Demain dès l’aube," an elegy to his deceased daughter.
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How does Demain dès l’aube begin?
"Demain dès l’aube, à l’heure où blanchit la campagne, je partirai. Vois-tu, je sais que tu m’attends..."
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What genres did Victor Hugo write in?
Theatre, poetry, novels, and political essays.
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What made Hugo a political giant?
His progressive ideas, opposition to the death penalty, and advocacy for workers’ rights.
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What is the setting of Notre-Dame de Paris?
Medieval Paris, including the cathedral and the Cour des Miracles.
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What is the significance of Les Misérables in French literature?
It offers a vivid depiction of 19th-century French society and explores profound moral questions.
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Who are the Thénardiers in Les Misérables?
A greedy, exploitative couple who mistreat Cosette and run an inn.
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How does Les Châtiments reflect Hugo’s political stance?
It attacks the Second Empire and highlights Hugo’s resistance to authoritarianism.
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What was Hugo's role in the 1848 Revolution?
He served as a deputy and championed progressive reforms.
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What is La Légende des Siècles considered?
A poetic masterpiece that encapsulates humanity's moral and spiritual evolution.
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How does Victor Hugo exemplify the Romantic spirit?
Through his passion for social justice, emotional depth, and grand themes in literature.
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What impact did Hernani have on French literature?
It revolutionized French drama and established Romanticism as a dominant literary movement.
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What is the overarching message of Les Misérables?
The possibility of redemption and the power of compassion and love.
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What was Hugo’s contribution to the abolition of the death penalty?
He strongly opposed it in his speeches and writings, advocating for humane justice.
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What is Victor Hugo’s legacy?
A literary giant, a political hero, and a symbol of France’s cultural and social progress.
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What year did Victor Hugo die?
1885, leaving behind an unmatched legacy in French literature.
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How did Victor Hugo view Napoleon III?
As a tyrant, famously criticizing him as "Napoléon le Petit."
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What is the importance of Hugo's exile?
It solidified his role as a defender of freedom and a voice of opposition against oppression.
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How did Victor Hugo redefine Romanticism in France?
By embracing bold themes, emotional expression, and breaking classical literary norms.
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