Bio 3 terms chordata

Supercl. Agnatha

jawless fish, filter feeders and parisites

Supercl. gnathostomata

jawed vertebrates, predation, paired appendages

cl. chondrichthyes

cartilaginous skeleton. Sharks and rays. Lightweight, not as strong.

Osteichthyes

Bony fish. strong, heavy. swim bladder.

Paired appendages

fish - fins. birds - wings. reptiles - legs.

swim bladder

an air-filled sac near the spinal column in many fishes that helps maintain buoyancy (B.C)

osmoregulation

water + salt balance

Osmosis

the movement of water from [high] - [low]

Hypertonic

characteristic of freshwater bony fish, water moves into the fish, more salt in body.

Hypotonic

marine bony fish drink water and excrete excess salt across gills. water moves out of fish.

Isotonic

marine cartilaginous fish, excretes urea to increase internal salt conc.

Cutaneous respiration

gas exchange (respiration) through the skin

ammonia

excreted by freshwater fish and amphibians

urea

excreted by terrestrial amphibians, water conservation strategy

Jelly coat egg

shared by fish and amphibians, waste and water can move in and out of the egg, can only be laid in water

amniotic egg

laid by reptiles and birds, includes waste storage and can be laid anywhere.

allantois

stores waste in an amniotic egg

Ectotherm/poikilotherm

body temp dictated by outside sources ("cold-blooded") variable body temp.

Endotherm/homeotherm

body temp determined by internal sources ("warm-blooded") stable body temp.

Anapsid

no temporal openings. turtles.

synapsid

1 temporal opening per side. mammals.

diapsid

2 temporal openings per side. reptiles and birds.

unidirectional air flow

all air that comes into contact with the parabronchi is oxygenated (respiration in birds)

bidirectional air flow

Air flows in and out through the same pathway. (mammals).

monotremes

Egg laying mammals

oviparous

egg laying

viviparous

live birth

speed equation

speed = length of stride x rate of stride

plantigrade

Walking on the soles of the feet, like a human or a bear.

digitigrade

walking on toes and ball of foot (dog)

unguligrade

walk on the tip of the toe (hooves)

fish circulation

2 chambered heart

amphibian circulation

3 chambered heart, mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

reptile circulation

3 chambered heart, partial septum, blood is somewhat separated.

bird/mammal circulation

4 chambered heart, full septum, no mixing of blood