Neonatal Septicemia in Ruminants Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards related to neonatal septicemia in ruminants.

Bacteremia

Bacterium detected in blood stream by culture methods.

Septicemia

Systemic disease associated with the presence and persistence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in the blood.

Sepsis

Combination of infection and systemic inflammatory response.

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS)

Host inflammatory cascade initiated when the host defense system fails to recognize or clear infection.

Septic Shock

Aggravation of septic state to the point where hypotension or hypoperfusion develops.

Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS)

Critically ill patient so severely affected by primary pathologic condition that several organs fail.

Passive Transfer of Immunity (PTI)

Absorption of colostral immunoglobulins.

Failure of Passive Transfer (FPT)

Absorption of inadequate levels of immunoglobulins.

Gut Closure

Time after which macromolecule absorption ceases in a neonate's gut.

E. coli

Principle microbial agent responsible for neonatal septicemia in bovine.

4 criteria of neonatal septicemia in bovines

1. core temp abnormality

2. HR abnormality

3. tachypnea

4. Leukocyte count abnormality

Testing that gives a definitive dx for neonatal septicemia

bac-t culture (<48 hrs) would be +

pathogens that can effect older calves (10-12w) of age

salmonella; mannheimia hymalytica

commmon pathogens that effect calves <2w of age

salmonella;Escherichia coli

FPT(Failure of Passive Transfer)

What factor in colostrum prevents the breakdown of Ig?

Trypsin inhibitor

this declines over the initial 6 milkings

complete gut closure in the calf

takes place over 24-36 hrs

what is the optimal time to feed colostrum?

w/n 4 hrs of birth

declines rapidly after 12 hrs to ensure adequate immunity for the calf.

What quantity should not be exceeded per calf feedings of colostrum?

4L

Test to determine that proper PT occurred

Serum [TP] which is the most practical and inexpensive

camelids gram ± ratio

about a 50:50 split

Entry sites for septisemia

ingestion, intestine, umbilicus

Early CS of septicemia

mm intense pink coloration

CS of septicemia

scleral injection

hypopion, and potentially corneal opacity.

altered mental status, menengitis

CS of septicemia in the Cria

VERY good at hiding CS because they still will have suckle reflex, and fluorescent pink

How many blood samples should be pulled for culturing and from where?

2 samples collected aseptically from the jugular vein

5-10 ml at 6o min intervals

Septicemia Tx Goals (4)

control infection

modulate IR

support cardiovascular system

provide supportive care.

Best Abx for tx

NA ampicillin & Florfenicol

Abx that CANNOT be given IV to calves in the US?

ceftiofur, 3rd generation

NSAID recommended for tx & side Affects to look out for

flunixin meglumine (banamine)

give for 2-3 days

abomasal ulceration & renal toxicity esp. if dehydrated

What tx agents would you give a septicemic neonate to help support cardiovascular function?

IV fluids, dextrose & plasma or colloidsto maintain blood volume and pressure.

Tx agent that helps with hyperglobulinemia

whole blood and plasma at 2—40 ml/kg

The 5 Hypos of a down calf

hypoglycemia, hypothermia, hypoxia, hypocarbia, hypovolemia