15 - Political divisions and experiments

republicanism and the Rump; millenarianism and the Nominated Assembly

When was the Anglo-Dutch war?

1652 - 1654

What was the Anglo-Dutch war over?

trading routes

What was the Navigation Act?

an act which specified that only English ships should bring English goods into England and its colonies

When was the Navigation Act passed?

1651

When did a full naval engagement provoke England and the Dutch Republic to war?

May 1652

Why was the Dutch war a source of division between the army and the Rump? (3)

army did not want to fight the Dutch, army was annoyed that money was being spent on the navy not the army, army was annoyed that the Rump was using the navy as a political counterweight to the army

Why did the army not want to fight the Dutch? (3)

they were another Protestant nation, saw them as a natural ally, the religiously tolerant Dutch Republic had been a haven for many Protestants during the years of Laudian persecution

Which group was increasingly annoyed by the Rump's limited reform?

the army

What percentage of the Rump MPs could actually be classed as revolutionaries?

15%

Why was the Rump so conservative? (5)

MPs themselves were conservative, there was an economic crisis, threats to security, fear of radical religious groups, Dutch war

How many of the 41 MPs on the Council of State had refused to swear an oath approving the regicide and abolition of Lords and monarchy?

22

What were the professions of most MPs which made them so conservative? (2)

lawyers and merchants

How did the economic crisis contribute to the Rump's conservatism?

they did not have the funds for extensive reform

How did threats to security from Ireland, Scotland and other European states contribute to the Rump's conservatism?

the threat meant that establishing the regime was more of a priority than reform

How did the Dutch War contribute to the Rump's conservatism?

the Dutch War became the focus of the Rump's attention and resources

What were the two key problems contributing to the failure of the Rump parliament?

PN's conservative demands were set against a radical minority, relationship between Parliament and NMA was fragile

Which group held the real power?

army

How did the PN view the Rump?

too radical

How did the army view the Rump?

too moderate

What was the Hale Commission?

a commission set up to consider law reform

When was the Hale Commission established?

January 1652

When was the Blasphemy Act established?

August 1650

What was the Blasphemy Act?

an act to prevent what the Rump saw as the increasing threat of radical religious ideas and groups

How did the Blasphemy Act impact the army's view of the Rump?

made they believe the Rump was even more religiously conservative than the army wanted

What were the religious reforms introduced by the Rump? (3)

end to compulsory attendance of church, legal proceedings in English not Latin, acts for the propagation of the gospel

When did the Rump bring an end to the compulsory attendance of the national Church?

September 1650

When was it decided that all legal proceedings would be in English rather than Latin?

1650

Where did the Rump establish acts for the propagation of the gospel? (3)

Wales, Ireland, the north

When did the army become in a position to put pressure on the Rump?

when they had crushed the Irish and the Scots

When did Cromwell write to urge the Rump to reform?

after the victory at Dunbar in 1650

Cromwell valued [...] over [...]

army unity, parliamentary authority

When did Cromwell act as a moderator between the army and the Rump?

winter 1652 - 53

What was the month that Cromwell secured for the Rump to dissolve itself?

November 1653

What did Cromwell discover about the Rump in April 1653 that led to him forcibly dissolving it?

discovered that it intended to set up its own committee to judge those who would be elected

Why did Cromwell dissolve the Rump after he found out it intended to set up its own committee to judge those who would be elected after it dissolved itself?

he felt this would maintain the Rump's power and would prevent reform

Who forcibly dissolved the Rump? (2)

Cromwell and Major-General Thomas Harrison

When was the Rump dissolved?

April 1653

Who had power in their hands after the dissolving of the Rump?

Cromwell

What was Cromwell's vision for a new Parliament after the Rump?

wanted it to be made up of the 'godly'

Who was Thomas Harrison? (4)

part of the NMA, fifth monarchist, recruiter MP, prominent in the regicide

What was a recruiter MP?

term used by Royalist to refer to recruitment of MPs to replace those who supported the king to maintain numbers in the Commons

When was Thomas Harrison a recruiter MP?

1646

When was Harrison made president of the Commission for the Propagation of the Gospel in Wales?

1650

When was the Nominated Assembly formed?

July 1653

When was the Nominated Assembly a thing?

July 1653 - December 1653

What are the alternative names for the Nominated Assembly? (3)

Little Parliament, Barebone's Parliament, the Parliament of Saints

Why was the Nominated Assembly referred to as this?

members were nominated rather than elected

Why was the Nominated Assembly also referred to as the Little Parliament?

there were only 144 members, and there had been 507 in 1640

Why was the Nominated Assembly also referred to as Barebone's Parliament?

term of abuse derived from Praise-God Barbon, one of the members

Why was the Nominated Assembly also referred to as the Parliament of Saints?

positive term from people who saw the members as godly

What were the reform proposals that the NA looked at that were not too radical for moderates? (4)

reform of law on debt, more humane treatment of the insane, civil registration of births deaths and marriages, tougher measures against thieves and highwaymen

How many actual fifth monarchists were there in the NA?

13

What were the controversial policies that the religious radicals managed to get through the NA? (2)

abolishing chancery, abolishing lay patronage of church livings

What was chancery?

one of the leading central royal courts for the resolution of a wide range of disputes between members of the PN

What was lay patronage?

system which allowed the leading gentry of an area to decide who should be the vicar

Which proposition by the religious radicals in the NA provoked the NMA?

suggestion to cut army pay, inc not paying senior officers for a year

When did moderates in the NA meet to vote to hand back power to Cromwell?

12 December 1653

What was the written constitution that Lambert wrote that was to establish Cromwell as Lord Protector called?

the Instrument of Government

Who wrote the Instrument of Government?

Lambert

Who played the most prominent role in the installation of Cromwell as Protector?

Lambert