study guide civil war etc.

enslavement

being owned and controlled by another person

abolistionist movement

Movement to end slavery

Slave Revolts

Slaves fought back against their owners rather than escaping

Underground Railroad

a system of secret routes used by escaping slaves to reach freedom in the North or in Canada

cotton industry in the South

very dependent on slave labor and then after the Civil War on sharecropping.

Fugitive Slave Act

A law that made it a crime to help runaway slaves; allowed for the arrest of escaped slaves in areas where slavery was illegal and required their return to slaveholders

Uncle Tom's Cabin

a novel published by Harriet Beecher Stowe in 1852 which portrayed slavery as brutal and immoral

Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl- Harriet Jacobs

Book by Harriet Jacobs

Union (Civil War)

The United States; especially the northern states during the Civil War

Confederacy (South)

The States in the south that favored "States Rights" and seceded from the Union.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country

states' rights

the idea that states should have all powers that the Constitution does not give to the federal government or forbid to the states

Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods

Elections of 1860

Lincoln wins the election and the Southern states seceded from the Union

Fort Sumter

First battle of the Civil War

Secession

the formal withdrawal of a state from the Union

Emancipation Proclamation

Proclamation issued by Lincoln

13th Amendment (1865)

Abolishes and prohibits slavery

14th Amendment

Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws

15th Amendment (1870)

States cannot deny any person the right to vote because of race.

Reconstruction

the period after the Civil War in the United States when the southern states were reorganized and joined back into the Union

Freedmen's Bureau

Organization run by the army to care for and protect southern Blacks after the Civil War

poll taxes and literacy tests

these were 2 methods used by southern politicians to prevent African-Americans from voting

Segregation

practice of keeping different races or groups apart

Jim Crow Laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites

Black Codes

Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society created by white southerners in 1866 that used terror and violence to keep African Americans from obtaining their civil rights.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Established separate but equal

Impeachment

A formal document charging a public official with misconduct in office

HBCUs

Historically Black Colleges and Universities

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

Nat Turner

United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virginia

Frederick Douglass

(1817-1895) American abolitionist and writer, he escaped slavery and became a leading African American spokesman and writer. He published his biography, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, and founded the abolitionist newspaper, the North Star.

Harriet Tubman

United States abolitionist born a slave on a plantation in Maryland and became a famous conductor on the Underground Railroad leading other slaves to freedom in the North (1820-1913)

Abraham Lincoln

16th president of the United States; helped preserve the United States by leading the defeat of the secessionist Confederacy; an outspoken opponent of the expansion of slavery.

Andrew Johnson

17th President of the United States

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Author of Uncle Tom's Cabin

Dred Scott

A black slave