Unit 1 Review Flashcards: Global State Building (Song China, Dar-al Islam, Asia, Americas, Africa, Europe)

Flashcards cover core concepts from Unit 1 notes: Song China, Dar-al Islam, South/Southeast Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Europe, including political structures, economic innovations, religions, and regional interactions.

What regions are covered in Unit 1 Overview?

Song China, Dar-al Islam, South and Southeast Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Europe.

What development made state-building possible before 1200?

The Neolithic/Agricultural revolution and the spread of agriculture.

What system did Song China use to recruit government officials?

A centralized imperial bureaucracy based on merit exams.

How did Song China broaden access to government service?

Expanded merit exams to lower-class people, increasing upward mobility.

What was a major drawback of Song China’s large bureaucracy?

It became expensive to maintain.

Which dynasty introduced a strong central bureaucracy that Song China expanded?

The Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE).

What Tang Dynasty developments helped Song China become an economic powerhouse?

Improvements in agriculture, roads, and canals that boosted trade.

What was notable about Song China’s meritocracy?

Provided more upward mobility than any other government hiring system at the time.

What was the Grand Canal’s impact on Song China?

Increased trade and wealth by connecting major regions into one economy.

What is Champa Rice and why is it important?

A high-calorie rice from Champa that could grow in dry soil year-round, creating a food surplus.

Which luxury goods were produced by Song China and became major trade items?

Porcelain and silk.

What does proto-industrialization refer to in Song China?

Fewer people farming and more people becoming artisans or laborers in urban areas.

What population trend followed Song China’s innovations?

A population boom.

What is filial piety in Confucianism?

The idea that the father/male heads the household and others defer to him.

How did Zen Buddhism form in Song China?

Buddhism blended with Taoism to create Zen Buddhism.

What is Neo-Confucianism?

A movement in Song China responding to Buddhism, integrating Confucian and Buddhist ideas.

Which regions were heavily influenced by Confucianism, Buddhism, and Neo-Confucianism?

Korea, Japan, and Vietnam.

What is the Song China Tributary System?

States surrounding China paid tribute in money or goods, boosting Chinese prosperity.

How did Japan respond to Chinese influence?

Adopted Buddhism and Confucianism but remained less centralized than China.

How did Korea respond to Chinese influence?

Adopted Confucianism and Buddhism and developed a centralized system of government.

How did Vietnam respond to Chinese influence?

Adapted the Chinese writing system but resisted full sinification due to family/cultural differences.

Who sat at the top of Song China’s social hierarchy?

The emperor.

What is foot binding?

A patriarchal practice where women’s feet were tightly bound to alter shape and size.

What are the Three M’s that helped spread Islam after Muhammad’s era?

Military actions, Merchants, and Missionaries.

What is al-Andalus?

Muslim-ruled Spain known for tolerance and cross-cultural exchange in architecture and art.

Who were the Mamluks?

Turkish slave soldiers who seized control of Egypt and established the Mamluk Sultanate.

Who were the Seljuk Turks?

Muslim Turks who captured parts of the Middle East, including Baghdad.

Who is Nasir al-Din al-Tusi?

A celebrated Islamic scholar who laid groundwork for trigonometry.

Who was A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah?

The most prolific female Muslim writer before the 20th century.

What was a key development in Islamic medicine?

Doctors and pharmacists began studying for certification tests, raising medical standards.

What are some cultural continuities in Islamic scholarship?

Translation of Greek classics into Arabic and study of math from India; paper made from China.

What are the basic beliefs of Islam?

Monotheistic; follows Muhammad; Qur’an; Abrahamic religion.