Portage A&P1 Module 6 Exam

Explain two reasons why a woman with low levels of LH would not be able to become pregnant.

(1) LH acts on the ovary to cause ovulation to occur. (2) LH causes progesterone release to facilitate potential fertilization of the egg and pregnancy. Progesterone is a key hormone for the maintenance of pregnancy.

Would you expect a female to have testosterone in their bloodstream? Explain why or why not.

(1) Yes. Both male and female bodies produce "all" the sex hormones. However, the ratios are different.(2) The adrenal glands are largely responsible for producing this "opposite" hormone that the ovaries would not.

Label the endocrine glands (A-D)

A: ______________B: ______________C: ______________D: ______________

A. thyroid gland

B. adrenal gland

c. kidney

d. pancreas

Explain the concept of positive feedback. Give an example of a hormone that works through positive feedback.

1- Positive feedback is the action of a hormone increasing the production of that hormone. (This is the opposite of negative feedback).

2- One example is the action of oxytocin causing the uterus to contract during labor. Oxytocin enhances the effect of the uterus contractions, causing more oxytocin to be released. The positive feedback loop is stopped once the baby is born and the uterus no longer needs to contract, stopping the production of oxytocin.

This type of hormone is derived from cholesterol:

Steroid hormones

Growth hormone:

Is produced by the anterior pituitary gland

Neurosecretory cells are a part of what endocrine organ?

Hypothalamus

Which hormone production is increased with sunlight?

MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)

The posterior pituitary stores these two hormones:

ADH and Oxytocin

List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:

I promote the reabsorption of water at the collecting ducts of the kidneys.

ADH

List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:

I am secreted by the pituitary and stimulate the gonads.

FSH & LH (gonadotropic hormones)

List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:

I am secreted by the pituitary to stimulate the adrenal cortex.

ACTH

List the hormone(s) that best describes the statement below:

I cause blood glucose to rise and breakdown stored nutrients.

Glucagon

Answer the following question.

Explain why it would be harmful to have an increased secretion of ACTH in someone who is diabetic.

ACTH controls the secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Increased levels of ACTH would cause increased levels of cortisol within the blood.

Cortisol increases blood glucose levels which will decrease the effectiveness of insulin treatments.

Where is the thyroid stimulating hormone produced?

Anterior Pituitary gland

Which cells mature in the thymus?

T cells

Iodine is needed to produce which hormone/s?

E. B & C

(T3 and T4)

Which of the following is NOT a function of oxytocin?

Growth of uterus and vagina

Which hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary?

ACTH, FSH, and GH

Aldosterone is involved in the regulation of sodium and potassium in the body. Explain how too much aldosterone could contribute to high blood pressure.

Aldosterone's primary target organ is the kidney, where it promotes renal absorption of sodium and renal excretion of potassium. The blood sodium level is particularly important to the maintenance of blood pressure. Too much sodium causes retention of fluid and increases blood pressure. Therefore, too much aldosterone will cause increased and potentially high blood pressure.

Matching each of the following conditions with the one best explanation (1-5):

1. Congenital hypothyroidism

2. pituitary giant

3. acromegaly

4. tetany

5. anemia

1. C. Low thyroxin production since birth

2. A. Overproduction of GH as a child

3. H. Overproduction of GH as an adult

4. F. Results if PTH is not produced in response to low blood calcium

5. E. Lack of erythropoietin to act on the bone marrow

In addition to the endocrine system, the pancreas is also part of which system?

Digestive

Which part of the adrenal glands is vital to life?

Cortex

Which of the following is false regarding aldosterone?

It causes the kidneys to retain potassium and excrete sodium.

If you were calcium deficient, which condition would occur in your body if there was no hormonal compensation?

Tetany

Which of the following is false regarding testosterone?

It causes males to have a wider pelvis (compared to females).