Human Bio- Blood

Functions of blood

Transports dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes. Regulates interstitial fluid pH and ion composition. Restricts fluid loss at injury sites. Defends against toxins and pathogens. Stabilizes body temperature.

Types of white blood cells

Neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, lymphocytes

Neutrophils

Majority of wbc, usually first to arrive at injury site, very active phagocytes

Eosinophils

Phagocytic but also attack through exocytosis, numbers increase during parasitic infection or allergic reactions, release enzymes that reduce inflammation

Basophils

Release heparin which prevents blood clotting and histamine which dilates blood vessels

Monocytes

Migrates into tissues and become macrophages, aggressive phagocytes

Lymphocytes

Large numbers migrate in and out of peripheral tissues, some attack foreign cells, others secrete antibodies into circulation

Anemia

Reduction in the bloods oxygen carrying capacity. Caused by low hematocrit and reduced hemoglobin content in rbcs. Muscle fatigue, weakness, lack of energy.

Jaundice

Excess bilirubin in blood. Result of blocked bile ducts or failure of liver to absorb or excrete bilirubin. Yellowish eyes and skin

Blood typing process

ex. If anti-a clots with blood, patient has type a blood

Type A

Antigen A only

Type B

Antigen B only

Type AB

Both antigen a and antigen b

Type O

Neither antigen a or b