A Tour of the Cell

These flashcards cover key concepts about cell structure, function, and division based on the lecture notes.

What are the two types of cells?

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells.

What is Cell Theory?

All living things are made of cells.

What do all cells have?

A plasma membrane, cytosol, DNA, and ribosomes.

What are the key characteristics of Prokaryotic Cells?

Small, no nucleus, no membrane-bound organelles, most have a cell wall.

What defines Eukaryotic Cells?

Larger size, double membrane-bound nucleus, and other membrane-bound organelles.

What is the function of the Plasma Membrane?

It acts as a selective barrier allowing passage of substances.

What is the role of Ribosomes?

They carry out protein synthesis.

What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do?

It is involved in lipid synthesis and protein processing; consists of Rough and Smooth ER.

What is the Golgi Apparatus known for?

It sorts, modifies, and directs proteins and lipids to their final destinations.

What is the primary function of Mitochondria?

Site of aerobic respiration producing energy.

What is the Cytoskeleton?

A network of fibers that extends throughout the cytoplasm.

What structures are unique to Plant Cells?

Chloroplasts, large central vacuole, cell wall, and plasmodesmata.

What is the role of Chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis, converting sunlight to glucose.

What is the significance of Cell Division?

It's essential for reproduction in unicellular organisms and growth and repair in multicellular organisms.

What is Mitosis?

Division that results in two genetically identical cells; used for growth or repair.

What is Meiosis?

Division that produces gametes with half the genetic material for sexual reproduction.

What must occur before cell division can take place?

DNA must be replicated and then separated.