Neurogenic Communication Disorders

What are the two hemispheres of the brain split into?

4 lobes

Are neurogenic communication disorders acquired or developmental?

acquired

What are the 4 main parts to the central nervous system?

the bran, spinal cord, brains stem, and cerebellum

What is the cerebrum?

the brain

What is the surface of the brain called?

the cortex

What is the frontal lobe?

found in the front of the cerebrum, plan physical/motor movement for all parts of the body

What is Broca’s area?

a spot in the left hemisphere that plays a pivotal role in the expression of speech and language

What is the temporal lobe?

located along the side of the cerebrum and is the primary auditory center

What is the Wernickes area?

an area that is responsible for understanding language and is in the left hemisphere

What is the parietal lobe?

located at the top of the cerebrum behind the frontal lobes, processes incoming sensory information

What is the occipital lobe?

found at the back of the cerebrum and processes the incoming of visual information

What is the limbic system?

deep within the cerebrum and includes part of most of the other lobes, involved in behaviors like emotion

What are sensory pathways?

travels from the periphery toward the cerebrum

What is the motor pathway?

carries information from the cerebrum to the peripheral regions of the body

What is the peripheral nervous system?

contains all the nerves that lie outside the brain, brainstem, and spinal cord

What is true of all dementias?

all are progressive and irreversible

What is Alzheimers?

a form of dementia that affects how a person carries out daily activities

What happens in bilingual people with dementia?

they have errors in selecting and maintaining appropriate language during conversation, they may regress to primary language

What is circumlocution?

the use of man words when fewer would be appropriate due to work retrieval deficits

What is the age when dementia is considered early onset dementia?

younger than 65

Are there any forms of neurogenic communication disorders that can be fixed?

Yes, infections and metabolic disorders along with others

How many hemispheres are there?

2

What is dysarthria?

impairment of motor control for speech caused by weakness paralysis, slowness, or incoordination of the muscles responsible for production of speech sounds

What systems can dysarthria impact?

respiratory, laryngeal, and supralarynegal systems

What is an explanation of an individual with dysarthria?

understands language and knows what they want to say but has trouble moving the muscles to clearly produce vowels

What percent of neuronic communication disorders are dysarthria?

45%

What is apraxia?

an inability to voluntarily perform skilled motor movements that are not a result of muscle weakness

What is apraxia a result of?

impairment in the ability to mentally organize the speech musculature and articulators for production of speech sounds

What is an explanation of an individual with apraxia?

they know what they want to say but the words will not come out the right way, in some instances it may be clear but in others there is a breakdown

What is the difference in apraxia and dysarthria?

Apraxia = difficulty putting the sounds of words together in the correct order when speaking,

Dysarthria = difficulty using their muscles in a coordinated fashion to produce speech

If an individual cannot talk will they be able to write?

with apraxia, maybe, with dysarthria, no

What is aphasia?

an acquired impairment with a neurological cause that affects reception and expression of language across all modalities, also accounts for ¼ of all communication disorders

What is MS?

a nervous system disease of the brain and spinal cord that damages them myelin sheath which surrounds and protects nerve cells

What does the damage to the myelin sheath in MS do?

slows down or blocks electrical impulses between the brain and body

When is MS most likely by age and gender?

female aged 20-40

How does location affect MS?

people who live beyond the 40-degree latitude mark north or south of the equator are at a higher risk

When someone has Wernicke’s disease, will they have motor problems?

Not always because they wernickes area is not in the motor strip

Can a neurogenic communication disorder be solved?

The other hemisphere may try to take over to cover the damage which could solve parts of the disorder

What is a cognitive communication disorder?

a broad range of communication problems that can result from a damage to the frontal lobe regions of the brain

What are examples of cognitive communication disorders?

stroke, brain injury, brain infection, brain tumor, degenerative disease like MS

What is the main part of cognitive communication disorders?

the difficulty is with any aspect of communication that is affected by disruption of cognition