Ch 4 Review of Chemical Reactions & Stoichiometry

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary pertaining to chemical reactions and stoichiometry, illustrating key concepts and terms for the upcoming examination.

Chemical Reaction

A process in which reactants are transformed into products.

Reactants

Substances that undergo a change in a chemical reaction.

Products

Substances formed as a result of a chemical reaction.

Balancing Chemical Equations

The process of ensuring that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the reaction.

Coefficients

Numbers placed in front of compounds in a chemical equation to indicate the number of molecules involved.

Mass Conservation Law

In a chemical reaction, mass is neither created nor destroyed.

Chemical Bonds

Forces that hold atoms together in compounds.

Mole Ratio

The ratio between the amounts in moles of any two compounds involved in a chemical reaction.

Dissociation

The process by which ions separate from each other in a solution.

Ionization

The process by which neutral molecules gain or lose electrons to form ions.

Electrolyte

A substance that produces ions in solution and can conduct electricity.

Precipitation Reactions

Reactions that yield an insoluble product, known as a precipitate.

Solubility Rules

Guidelines that help predict whether a precipitate will form in a reaction.

Strong Electrolytes

Substances that completely dissociate into ions in solution.

Weak Electrolytes

Substances that only partially dissociate into ions in solution.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that shows only the species that actually participate in the reaction.

Acid-Base Reaction

A reaction that involves the transfer of protons (H+) between reactants.

Oxidation

The process of losing electrons during a reaction.

Reduction

The process of gaining electrons during a reaction.

Oxidizing Agent

A substance that gains electrons and is reduced in a redox reaction.

Reducing Agent

A substance that loses electrons and is oxidized in a redox reaction.

Stoichiometry

The calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions.

Limiting Reactant

The reactant that is completely consumed first in a reaction, limiting the amount of product formed.

Theoretical Yield

The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant.

Percent Yield

The ratio of the actual yield to the theoretical yield, expressed as a percentage.

Concentration

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent.

Molarity (M)

A unit of concentration measured as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Titration

A technique where a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution.

Equivalence Point

The stage in a titration at which the amount of titrant equals the amount of substance being titrated.

End Point

The point in a titration at which the indicator changes color.

Gravimetric Analysis

A method of analyzing a substance by measuring its mass.

Disproportionation Reaction

A specific type of redox reaction in which a single substance is both oxidized and reduced.

Half Reaction Method

A technique used to balance redox reactions by separating the oxidation and reduction processes.