Chapter 2 (Campbell's Biology in Focus)

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based off of Campbell's Biology in Focus

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23 Terms

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hydration shell

A(n) is formed when theres a sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.

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Van Der Waals interactions

occur when atoms get just close enough that a few electrons in their valence shell (electron cloud) touch.

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Adhesion

is the clinging of one substance to another.

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Evaporative cooling

occurs because the hottest molecules, (those with the greatest kinetic energy) are the ones most likely to leave as a gas.

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Matter

is anything that takes up space and has mass.

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unit of measurement

The for atoms and subatomic particles is a dalton.

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solute

The is the dissolving agent of a solution.

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Molarity

is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

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chemical reactions

An element is a substance that can not be broken down into other substances by .

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homogeneous mixture

A solution is a liquid that is a completely of two or more substances.

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covalent bond

Two or more atoms held together by constitute a molecule.

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unequal sharing of electrons

The and waters V- like shape make it a polar molecule.

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Surface tension

is a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

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aqueous solution

A(n) is one in which the solute is dissolved in water, water is the solvent.

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radioactive isotope

A(n) is one in which the nucleus decays spontaneously giving particles and energy.

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hydrogen bond

A(n) is formed when there is a noncovalent attraction between hydrogen and an electronegative atom.

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chemical behaviour of an atom

The depends mostly on the number of electrons in its outermost shell.

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chemical bonds

Attractions between atoms are called .

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polar covalent bond

A(n) is when an atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons will therefore not share equally.

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Potential energy

is the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure.

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Trace elements

are required by an organism in only minute quantities.

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particular atom

The attraction of a(n) for the electrons of a covalent bond is called its electronegativity.

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covalent bond

A(n) is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.