Chapter 2 (Campbell's Biology in Focus)

hydration shell

hydration shell

A(n) ________ is formed when theres a sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion.

Van Der Waals interactions

________ occur when atoms get just close enough that a few electrons in their valence shell (electron cloud) touch.

Adhesion

________ is the clinging of one substance to another.

Evaporative cooling

________ occurs because the hottest molecules, (those with the greatest kinetic energy) are the ones most likely to leave as a gas.

Matter

________ is anything that takes up space and has mass.

unit of measurement

The ________ for atoms and subatomic particles is a dalton.

solute

The ________ is the dissolving agent of a solution.

Molarity

________ is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

chemical reactions

An element is a substance that can not be broken down into other substances by ________.

homogeneous mixture

A solution is a liquid that is a completely ________ of two or more substances.

covalent bond

Two or more atoms held together by ________ constitute a molecule.

unequal sharing of electrons

The ________ and waters V- like shape make it a polar molecule.

Surface tension

________ is a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

aqueous solution

A(n) ________ is one in which the solute is dissolved in water, water is the solvent.

radioactive isotope

A(n) ________ is one in which the nucleus decays spontaneously giving particles and energy.

hydrogen bond

A(n) ________ is formed when there is a noncovalent attraction between hydrogen and an electronegative atom.

chemical behaviour of an atom

The ________ depends mostly on the number of electrons in its outermost shell.

chemical bonds

Attractions between atoms are called ________.

polar covalent bond

A(n) ________ is when an atom is bonded to a more electronegative atom, the electrons will therefore not share equally.

Potential energy

________ is the energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure.

Trace elements

________ are required by an organism in only minute quantities.

particular atom

The attraction of a(n) ________ for the electrons of a covalent bond is called its electronegativity.

covalent bond

A(n) ________ is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons by two atoms.