Psychology of Women – exam 2

Androcentric emphasis

Focuses primarily on male perspectives in research and theory.

Heterosexist bias

Assumes heterosexuality as the norm in discussions of sexuality.

Biological framework

Explains sexuality through biological processes.

Essentialism

Suggests that sexuality is innate and universal.

Social Constructionism

Views sexuality as shaped by cultural and social influences.

Mons veneris

Fatty tissue covering the pubic bone that provides cushioning.

Prepuce (Clitoral Hood)

Protects the clitoris from overstimulation.

Clitoris

Highly sensitive organ with approximately 8,000 nerve endings, more than the penis.

Labia Majora

Outer lips of the vulva that contain sweat and oil glands.

Labia Minora

Inner lips that protect the vagina, urethra, and clitoris.

Perineum

Skin between the vulva and anus, sensitive and may tear during childbirth.

Vagina

Canal connecting external genitals to the cervix, serving reproductive and sexual functions.

Excitement Phase

First phase of Masters & Johnson’s model, characterized by increased blood flow and lubrication.

Plateau Phase

Second phase of Masters & Johnson’s model, marked by heightened arousal and muscle tension.

Orgasmic Phase

Third phase of Masters & Johnson’s model, involving rhythmic contractions and peak pleasure.

Resolution Phase

Final phase of Masters & Johnson’s model, where the body returns to baseline state.

Sexual double standard

Different societal expectations for men and women regarding sexual behavior.

Sexual Scripts

Culturally specific guidelines for sexual behavior, including roles and expectations.

Comprehensive Model of Sex Education

Educational approach that covers information, values, and emotional aspects of sexuality.

Media's influence on sexuality

Media presents mixed messages and often promotes unrealistic sexual scripts.

Factors influencing sexual desire

Includes hormones, social factors, and cultural influences.

Lesbian Relationships

Tend to be more egalitarian compared to heterosexual relationships, facing unique challenges such as legal recognition and discrimination.

Abortion - Roe v. Wade (1973)

Legalized abortion nationwide, significantly impacting women’s reproductive rights.

Essentialism

Belief that sexuality is innate and universal.

Masters & Johnson’s Four-Phase Model

Model describing the phases of sexual response: Excitement, Plateau, Orgasmic, and Resolution.

Postpartum Blues

Affects about 50% of new mothers with temporary mood swings and anxiety.

Postpartum Depression

More severe mood disorder affecting 10-15% of new mothers.

Sexual minority individuals

Includes lesbian, bisexual, trans, and non-binary individuals facing unique challenges.

Birth Control Methods - Effective

Includes abstinence, tubal ligation, vasectomy, and oral contraceptives.

Psychological Reactions to Abortion

Common reactions include relief, guilt, sadness, and anxiety.

Infertility

Affects 10-15% of couples, causing distress particularly among women.

Stages of Labor

Includes contraction phase, delivery phase, and placenta expulsion phase.

Gender Disparities in STEM

Women enroll in STEM at similar rates but face biases affecting confidence and encouragement.

Expectancy-Value Theory of Motivation

Achievement behavior influenced by expectations for success, utility value, and interest.