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Momentum
A vector quantity defined as the product of an object's mass and its velocity.
Impulse
The product of the force acting on an object and the time during which that force acts.
Elastic Collision
A collision where two objects bounce off each other.
Inelastic Collision
A collision where two objects stick together after hitting each other.
Conservation of Momentum
The principle that the total momentum before a collision equals the total momentum after a collision.
p = mv
The formula for momentum, where p is momentum, m is mass, and v is velocity.
Impulse-Momentum Theorem
States that the impulse on an object is equal to the change in momentum of that object.
J = Fnet * t
The formula for impulse, equating the net force acting on an object multiplied by the time the force acts.
Units for Impulse
Impulse is measured in Newton-seconds (N·s) or kg·m/s.
Force
A vector quantity that can cause an object to accelerate, measured in Newtons (N).
Kinetic Energy (KE)
The energy that an object possesses due to its motion, calculated as KE = 1/2 mv².
Potential Energy (PE)
The energy stored in an object due to its position or configuration.
Impulse (J)
Quantity measured in Newton-seconds (N·s) and equivalent to momentum (kg·m/s).
Net Force (Fnet)
The total force acting on an object, accounting for all individual forces.
Time Interval (t)
The duration over which an event occurs, often measured in seconds.
Velocity (v)
A vector quantity that refers to the rate at which an object changes its position.
Acceleration (a)
The rate of change of velocity of an object, typically measured in m/s².
Mass (m)
The amount of matter in an object, measured in kilograms (kg).
Magnitude
The size or extent of a quantity, often used in relation to vectors.
Distance (d)
The total length of the path traveled by an object, measured in meters.
Friction Force (Ff)
The force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.
Normal Force (FN)
The perpendicular force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it.
Weight (Fg)
The force exerted by gravity on an object, calculated as Fg = mg.
Acceleration due to gravity (g)
The acceleration experienced by an object due to Earth's gravitational pull, approximately 9.81 m/s².
