Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa (Pre-1948 to 1994)

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the anti-apartheid movement in South Africa from pre-1948 to 1994.

Apartheid

A policy of racial segregation that was officially instituted in South Africa in 1948.

African National Congress (ANC)

A political party in South Africa founded in 1912 that led the struggle against apartheid.

Population Registration Act (1950)

Required racial classification of all South Africans, which formalized racial segregation.

Group Areas Act (1950)

Legislation that enforced racial segregation in urban locations.

Bantu Education Act (1953)

Established a separate and inferior education system for black South Africans.

Defiance Campaign (1949-1952)

An early mass resistance initiative by the ANC to defy apartheid laws.

Freedom Charter (1955)

Document adopted by the ANC outlining a vision for a democratic and non-racial South Africa.

Sharpeville Massacre (1960)

A violent incident where peaceful protesters against pass laws were killed by police, marking a turning point in resistance.

Soweto Uprising (1976)

Student-led protests against Afrikaans in schools, leading to violent repression and widespread protests.

Desmond Tutu

A bishop and prominent figure in the nonviolent resistance against apartheid.

Steve Biko

Leader of the Black Consciousness Movement, promoting black pride and self-reliance.

Nelson Mandela

Oliver Tambo