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IPDE
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amateur /ˈæm.ə.tər//любительський
an amateur golfer
taking part in an activity for pleasure, not as a job
competence/ˈkɒm.pɪ.təns/
the ability to do something well:
conduct
verb
uk/kənˈdʌkt/
to organize and perform a particular activity/behavior (noun)
almost
demeanor
noun [ U ]
/dɪˈmi·nər/
a way of looking and behaving:
exude
verb [ T ]
uk/ɪɡˈzjuːd/
you show that you have a lot of that feeling:
embellish
verb
uk/ɪmˈbel.ɪʃ/
to make something more beautiful by adding something to it:
indispensable
adjective
/indiˈspensəbl/
necessary; that cannot be done without
belligerent
adjective
/biˈlidʒərənt/
unfriendly; hostile
cocky
adjective
/ˈkɒk.i/
very confident, usually in a way that is slightly annoying:
eg.
Let's not get too cocky—things could still go wrong.
When I got my first job I was just a cocky teenager.
quickly, without delay, or at the arranged time:
We'll have to leave fairly promptly (= on time) if we want to catch that train.
commitment
noun
uk/kəˈmɪt.mənt/
a promise or firm decision to do something:
Players must make a commitment to play for a full season.
attain
verb [ T ]
formaluk/əˈteɪn/
to reach or succeed in getting something:
efficient
adjective
uk/ɪˈfɪʃ.ənt/
working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way:
quarterback
noun [ C ]
mainlyUSuk/ˈkwɔː.tə.bæk/
in American football, the player who receives the ball at the start of every play and tries to move it along the field
complete and including everything that is necessary:
combat
verb [ T ]
uk/kəmˈbæt/
to try to stop something unpleasant or harmful from happening or increasing
camaraderie
noun [ S or U ]
uk/ˌkæm.əˈrɑː.dər.i/
a feeling of friendliness towards people that you work or share an experience with
Equity
/ˈekwəti/
fairness; justice
справедливість; неупередженість
diversity /daɪˈvɜː.sə.ti/
variety
різноманітність
A wide diversity of wildlife can be found in the national park.
diginity /ˈdiɡnəti/
достоїнство
calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you:
show up for each other
offering unconditional attention, support, and care
friction
the rubbing together of 2 things
quarrelling, disagreement
marginalize
to treat someone or something as if they are not important:
Now that English has taken over as the main language, the country's native language has been marginalized.
incite
to urge (someone) to do something
збуджувати, спонукати
He incited the people to rebel against the king.
provisional
adjective
for the present time but likely to change:
a provisional government
aboriginal /ˌæb.əˈrɪdʒ.ən.əl/
adjective
корінний
aboriginal art/culture/rights
legacy
noun
/ˈleɡəsi/
something left in a will by someone who has died
спадщина
What is Turtle Island
is a name for Earth or North America, used by some American Indigenous peoples, as well as by some Indigenous rights activists.
to kill a large number of something, or to reduce something severely:
Populations of endangered animals have been decimated.
comprise
verb
/kəmˈpraiz/
to contain or consist of
містити в собі, охоплювати
Her family comprises two sons and a daughter.
extinction
noun
/ikˈstiŋkʃən/
a situation in which something no longer exists:
perpetuate
verb [ T ]
formaluk/pəˈpetʃ.u.eɪt/
to cause something to continue:
Increasing the supply of weapons will only perpetuate the violence and anarchy.
doctrine
noun
/ˈdoktrin/
a belief or set of beliefs which is taught
вчення, доктрина
religious doctrines
1492
Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas
brag
verb [ I ]
/bræɡ/
to speak too proudly about what you have done or what you own:
She's always bragging about how much money she earns.
forcibly
adverb
uk
/ˈfɔː.sə.bli/
in a way that happens or is done against someone's wishes, especially with the use of physical force
barren
adjective
/ˈbӕrən/
not able to produce crops, fruit, young etc
неродючий
barren soil
a barren fruit tree
sovereignty
noun [ U ]
uk
/ˈsɒv.rɪn.ti/
the power of a country to control its own government:
Talks are being held about who should have sovereignty over the island.
disputed
adjective
uk/dɪˈspjuː.tɪd/
used to describe something that is the subject of disagreement, especially official or legal disagreement:
Fighting broke out along the disputed border.
The referee made a controversial decision to allow a disputed goal.
disputed territory
explicit
adjective
uk/ɪkˈsplɪs.ɪt/
clear and exact:
make something explicit I wasn't aware that I would be paying - you certainly didn't make it explicit (= state it clearly).
apprehension
noun [ C or U ]
uk
/ˌæp.rɪˈhen.ʃən/
worry about the future, or a fear that something unpleasant is going to happen:
It's normal to feel a little apprehension before starting a new job.
subsist
verb [ I ]
formaluk/səbˈsɪst/
to get enough food or money to stay alive, but no more:
The prisoners were subsisting on a diet of bread and water.
poverty
noun [ U ]
uk/ˈpɒv.ə.ti/
the condition of being extremely poor:
He emigrated to Australia to escape the grinding (= very great) poverty of his birthplace.
demean
verb [ T ]
uk/dɪˈmiːn
demean yourself I wouldn't demean myself by asking my parents for money.
suppress
verb [ T ]
uk/səˈpres/
to end something by force
welfare
noun [ U ]
uk/ˈwel.feər/
help given, especially by the state or an organization, to people who need it, especially because they do not have enough money:
welfare benefits Your taxes pay for welfare benefits such as unemployment and sickness pay.
amendment
noun
uk/əˈmend.mənt/
a change or changes made to the words of a text:
He insisted that the book did not need amendment.
I've made a few last-minute amendments to the article.
implement
verb
formal
to make something start to happen that has been officially decided
реалізувати, виконувати
enfranchise
verb [ T ]
formaluk/ɪnˈfræn.tʃaɪz/
to give a person or group of people the right to vote in elections:
Women in Britain were first enfranchised in 1918.
abolish
verb [ T ]
uk/əˈbɒl.ɪʃ/
to end an activity or custom officially:
dismantle
verb
uk/dɪˈsmæn.təl/
o get rid of a system or organization, usually over a period of time:
Over the next three years, we will be gradually dismantling the company and selling off the profitable units.
cease
verb [ I or T ]
formaluk/siːs/
to stop something:
Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen.
The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year.
apartheid
noun
/(British) əˈpaːtˌheit, əˈpaːtˌhait;
the former political system in South Africa in which only white people had full political and legal rights
апартеїд
a lot of disagreement or argument about something, usually because it affects or is important to many people:
controversy surrounding/over There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics.
warrant
noun
something that gives authority, especially a legal document giving the police the authority for searching someone’s house, arresting someone etc
підстава; повноваження
The police have a warrant for his arrest.
relinquish
verb
/rəˈliŋkwiʃ/
to give up
здавати, залишати
The dictator was forced to relinquish control of the country.
eradication
noun [ U ]
uk/ɪˌræd.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/
the process of getting rid of something completely or of destroying something bad:
eradication of The organization's goal is the eradication of poverty.
conceivable
adjective
able to be imagined or thought of
мислимий; збагненний
They sell every conceivable type of coffee.
custody
noun
/ˈkastədi/
the legal right or duty to care for someone or something, especially a child after its parents have separated or died:
custody of Who has custody of the children?
squirm
verb [ I ]
uk/skwɜːm/
to move from side to side in an awkward way, sometimes because of nervousness, embarrassment, or pain:
encompass /ɪnˈkʌm.pəs/
»»»»» to include different types of things:
The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts.
scorn
noun [ U ]
uk/skɔːn/
a very strong feeling of no respect for someone or something that you think is stupid or has no value:
She has nothing but scorn for the new generation of politicians.
denigrate
verb [ T ]
uk/ˈden.ɪ.ɡreɪ/
to say that someone or something is not good or important:
You shouldn't denigrate people just because they have different beliefs from you.
famine
noun
/ˈfӕmin/
(a) great lack or shortage especially of food
голод
Some parts of the world suffer regularly from famine.