Mechanisms of Infectious disease

host

host

any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements

infectious disease

the disease state brought about by the interaction with another organism

colonization

the pressure and multiplicator of a living organism on or within the host

microflora

bacteria inhibitory exposed surfaces of the body

virulence

the disease including potential

pathogens

microorganisms so virulent that they are merely found in the absense of disease

saprophytes

free living organisms obtaining their growth from dead or decaying organic material from environment

agents of infectious disease

prions, viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasite

viruses

no organized cellular structure

microorganisms

eukaryotes and prokaryotes

gram positive

stained purple by basic dye

gram negative

stained red by a second dye

parasites

protozoa, helminths, arthropods

protozoa

unicellular

helminths

roundworms, tapeworms, flukes

arthropods

ticks, mosquitos, mites, lice, and flease

incidence

the number of new cases of an infectious disease that occur within a defined population

endemic

found in a specific geographic region

pandemic

spread of disease beyond continental boundaries

nosocomial

developed in hospitals

community acquired

outside of health care facilities

incubation period

pathogen begins active replication

prodromal stage

initial appearance of symptoms

acute stage

rapid proliferation of dissemination of pathogen

convalescent stage

containment of infections

resolution stage

total elimination of pathogen from body

what are the three types of virulence factors

adhesion, toxins, and invasion

types of microbial agents

antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiparasitic

nonpharmacological intervention

drainage of abscess, cleaning of site, removing infected organs or tissues

direct contact

transmitted directly from affected tissue or secretions to exposed intact mucous membrane

penetration

disruption in the integrity of the body’s surface barrier

ingestion

through cavity of GI tract

inhalation

natural protective mechanisms don’t work

specific

reflects the site of infection

nonspecific

can be shared by a number of diverse infectious disease

obvious

predictable patterns

covert

may require lab testing

serology

bloodwork