holocaust and antisemitism

Define antisemitism

Hatred, prejudice, or discrimination against Jewish people.

What was the change of antisemitism in the 19th-20th centuries

It became based on race and biology rather than religion.

Define Holocaust

The state-organised genocide of 6 million Jews (1941-1945) by Nazi Germany and its collaborators.

Hitler's beliefs about race

Germans were the "Aryan master race"; Jews and others were inferior.

Nazi propaganda blame

Jews were blamed for Germany's defeat in WWI, communism, and economic problems.

spread of antisemitism in Nazi Germany

Through newspapers, films, posters, radio, and education.

Jewish civil servants in 1933

They were sacked from government jobs.

Nuremberg Laws (1935)

Laws that stripped Jews of citizenship and banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews.

What was Kristallnacht (1938)

A violent attack on Jewish homes, synagogues, and businesses; 100 killed and 30,000 sent to camps.

persecution pause in 1936

To keep a good image during the Berlin Olympics.

Define ghettos

Sealed-off areas where Jews were forced to live in terrible conditions.

What was Einsatzgruppen

Mobile killing squads that shot Jews in Eastern Europe after 1941.

What was discussed in the Wannsee Conference (1942)

The "Final Solution" — to exterminate all Jews in Europe.

death/concentration camps names

Auschwitz and Warsaw and dachau

How was the transportation of Jews to camps

By train, often in cattle cars with no food or water.

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising (1943)

A Jewish armed revolt against Nazi deportations.

What was spiritual resistance

Keeping faith, education, or culture alive despite Nazi rule. People write diary's, poems and art. - showed determination to stay human when Nazi's tried to dehumanise them.

Who was Oskar Schindler

A German businessman who saved over 1,000 Jews from death camps.

Allies discovery of Holocaust

In 1945, when they liberated camps like Auschwitz and Bergen-Belsen.

What happened to Jews after Germany invaded Poland (1939)

They were forced into overcrowded ghettos

What allowed Nazi's to implement antisemitic policies without opposition?

Nazi's making Germany a dictatorship. They banned other parties, controlled media and enforced loyalty

Life for Jews under Nazi rule

Banned from parks, schools, pools. Doctors, teachers and shop owners were dismissed or boycotted.

Identification and isolation of Jews

From 1939 Jews had to wear a yellow Star of David badge. Jew passports were stamped with a red J to mark their identity

How did antisemitism spread?

Nazi's applied antisemitic laws to every country they invaded. E.g France, Poland, Hungary

Nazi killing methods

Gas chambers disguised as showers.

Starvation and overwork in labour camps. Crematoria to burn bodies

Other persecuted groups

Roma, disabled people, homosexuals, communists, Jehovah witnesses

Linking causes and consequences from Nazi ideology

Nazi ideology > propaganda > discrimination > violence > Genocide

What was the Kindertransport scheme

Allowed 10,000 jewish children into Britain before the war. This was a way people responded to Nazi persecution of Jews.