Unit 2 Vocab 2020-21

Amino acids

The monomers or building blocks of proteins

Carbohydrates

Sugars; source of quick energy

Complementary base-pair

The bond between A-T and C-G on the DNA double helix

Dehydration Synthesis

Chemical reaction that joins two monomers together releases a molecule of water

Diffusion

Movement of very small particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, with the concentration gradient.

Hypertonic

When there is a higher concentration of dissolved substances outside of the cell than inside, the solution is:

Lipids

These molecules are used for insulation and providing long term energy

Macromolecule

Large molecules, usually 200 atoms or more, bonded together

Monomer

A subunit or building block of a larger molecule

Monosaccharides

The monomers or building blocks of carbohydrates

Nucleic acids

Macromolecule that stores information in the form of a genetic code

Organic

Molecules that contain the elements hydrogen and carbon

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration, with the concentration gradient.

Phospholipid

Type of lipid found in the cell membrane

Polymer

A large molecule formed from smaller molecules

Proteins

These are used in the body for structure, transport, and as catalysts for chemical reactions

Enzyme

Proteins with a very specific shape that function to speed up, or catalyze, chemical reactions.

Substrate

The substance that the enzyme is working on

Polar

Molecules that are asymmetrical and have a partial positive side and a partial negative side; like water

Hydrogen Bond

Attraction between the negative oxygen on one water molecule and the positive hydrogen on another water molecule