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velocity
rate of change of displacement with respect to time
acceleration
a rate of increase of velocity with respect to time
conditions for equilibrium
the resultant force in any direction is 0
the resultant torque about any axis is 0
upthrust
due to the pressure difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the fluid, a body partially or fully submerged in said fluid will experience an upward force
Hooke's law
the extension of a body is proportional to the applied load/force, provided the limit of proportionality is not exceeded
[F = kx , lim of proportionality not exceeded]
moment of a force
(about a pivot) is the product of the force and the perpendicular distance of the line of action of the force from the pivot
[M = Fd, d = //dist from line of action of force to pivot]
principle of moments
For an object to be in rotational equilibrium, sum of clockwise moments about any point must be equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments about said point
[at any pt, ACM=CM]
linear momentum
(of a moving body) product of its mass and linear velocity
newton's 1st bby
every body continues in its state of rest, or motion with uniform velocity, unless acted on by a resultant force
newton's 2nd bby
rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force acting on it, if said change takes place in the direction of the resultant force
newton's 3rd bby
if body A exerts a force on body B, body B will exert a force on body A that is of the same kind, equal in magnitude and opposite in direction
impulse
product of the force and the time during which the force acts