Vocabulary Final Test- Science 8th Grade Honors
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70 Terms
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Adaptation
Trait that helps an organism survive.
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Natural selection
Best traits get passed on.
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Variation
Differences in organisms.
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Fitness
Success in surviving and reproducing.
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Mutation
DNA change.
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Species
Can reproduce together.
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Evolution
Species change over time.
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Gradualism
Slow evolution change.
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Embryology
Study of embryos.
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Extinction
Species dies out.
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Vestigial structure
Useless leftover body part.
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Camouflage
Blending into surroundings.
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Hibernation
Long winter sleep.
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Migration
Seasonal movement.
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Population
Group of same species.
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Mimicry
Looking like something else.
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Charles Darwin
Scientist who explained natural selection.
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Instinct
Born behavior.
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Principle of Uniformitarianism
Past = present processes.
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Absolute age
Exact age.
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Relative age dating
Comparing rock ages.
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Law of Superposition
Older below younger.
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Cross-cutting relationship
Cutting feature is younger.
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Inclusion
Older rock fragment.
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Fossils
Preserved remains.
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Punnett Square
Trait predictor chart.
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Transcription
DNA → mRNA.
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Translation
mRNA → protein.
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Mass extinction
Many species die.
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Unconformities
Missing rock layers.
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Geologic Time Scale
Earth history timeline.
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Key beds
Marker rock layers.
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DNA
Genetic information molecule.
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Four nitrogen bases
A, T, C, G.
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Replication
Copying DNA.
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Adenine
DNA base A.
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Guanine
DNA base G.
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Thymine
DNA base T.
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Cytosine
DNA base C.
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RNA
Single-strand genetic molecule.
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Genes
DNA trait sections.
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Reproduction
Making offspring.
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Competition
Fighting for resources.
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Selection
Choosing helpful traits.
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Structural adaptation
Physical trait that helps.
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Behavioral adaptation
Helpful behavior.
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Functional adaptation
Helpful body function.
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Comparative anatomy
Comparing body parts.
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Homologous structures
Similar from ancestor.
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Vestigial structures
Useless leftovers.
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Analogous structures
Same job, different origin.
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Embryology
Study of early development.
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Alleles
Gene versions.
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Phenotype
Physical traits.
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Genotype
Gene combination.
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Artificial selection
Humans choose traits.
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Claim
Statement/answer.
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Evidence
Supporting facts.
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Reasoning
How facts support the claim.
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Observation
What you notice.
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Constraints
Limits.
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Prototype
Test model.
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Dependent variable
Measured part.
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Independent variable
Changed part.
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Control
Normal setup.
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Theory
Supported explanation.
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Hypothesis
Testable guess.
Note 
Flashcards (37)