CS Mock

Ambient Intelligence

A system that uses sensors, data analysis, and automated responses to create an environment that adapts to users’ needs.

Web Graph

A representation of the World Wide Web where web pages are nodes (vertices) and hyperlinks are directed edges connecting these nodes.

PageRank

An algorithm that ranks web pages based on the number and quality of incoming links, treating links as votes of importance.

HITS Algorithm

A search algorithm that ranks pages by identifying “hubs” (pages that link to many others) and “authorities” (pages that are widely referenced).

Meta-Tags

Pieces of information placed in the header of a web page (like keywords and descriptions) used by search engines for indexing and ranking.

Client–Server Architecture

A network model where a central server provides resources or services to multiple client devices.

Cloud Storage

A service that provides scalable and accessible data storage over the internet, often with automated backup and disaster recovery.

Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

The address used to access a resource on the Internet, such as a web page or file.

Domain Name Server (DNS)

A system that translates human-friendly domain names (URLs) into IP addresses needed for routing data over the Internet.

HTTPS

A secure version of HTTP that uses encryption (via TLS/SSL) to protect data during transmission.

Common Gateway Interface (CGI)

A standard protocol that allows a web server to run scripts (such as PHP) to generate dynamic web pages.

PHP

A popular server-side scripting language used to create dynamic web content and interact with databases.

filter_var()

A PHP function used to validate and sanitize user input, such as checking if an email address is properly formatted.

mail()

A PHP function that sends emails directly from a web server, often used in forms and notifications.

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network

A decentralized network architecture where each participant (peer) both provides and consumes resources without a central server.

Lossy Compression

A data compression method that reduces file size by permanently discarding some information, which may affect quality.

Lossless Compression

A data compression method that reduces file size without losing any information, preserving the original quality.

Open Standards

Publicly available guidelines or specifications that enable systems and devices to work together, ensuring interoperability.

Interoperability

The ability of different systems, devices, or software to exchange and use information seamlessly.

Protocol vs. Standard

Protocol: A set of formal rules for transmitting data over a network. Standard: Agreed-upon guidelines and specifications that ensure compatibility and interoperability among different systems.

Connectionless Protocol

A communication method (like IP) where data packets are sent independently without establishing a dedicated connection, meaning there’s no guarantee of delivery.