Macromolecules: Carbohydrates and Lipids

These flashcards cover key concepts related to macromolecules with a focus on carbohydrates and lipids, providing a structured review for exam preparation.

What is a macromolecule?

A large molecule made up of smaller building blocks or subunits.

What is the primary function of carbohydrates?

They provide fuel for cells and structure for cells.

What are the three types of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

What is glucose used for in the body?

It is used immediately as fuel and can be stored as glycogen for short-term storage.

What distinguishes saturated fats from unsaturated fats?

Saturated fats have no double bonds between carbon atoms and are solid at room temperature, while unsaturated fats have at least one double bond and are liquid at room temperature.

What are the three types of lipids?

Fats, sterols, and phospholipids.

What role does cholesterol play in the body?

It is a type of sterol that can form plaques and is involved in the formation of hormones.

What is the energy content of lipids compared to carbohydrates?

Lipids provide more than double the energy of carbohydrates and proteins, with 1 gram of fat yielding 9 calories.

Why can't humans digest cellulose?

Cellulose is very close in structure to starch but is not digestible; it acts as fiber or roughage.

What is a disaccharide?

A carbohydrate formed by the union of two simple sugars.