Introduction to Pharmaceutical Botany - Practice Flashcards

Flashcards cover basic definitions, history, scope, career roles, and notable botanists from the provided notes.

Botany

The scientific study of plants (plant biology), including flowering plants, algae, fungi, and vascular plants such as ferns.

From which Greek words does the term 'botany' originate?

Botanikos (botanical) and botane (plant or herb).

What groups are included in Botany?

Flowering plants, algae, fungi, and vascular plants such as ferns.

Why is botanical knowledge important for agriculture?

It supports crop cultivation, soil management, pest control, and breeding crops with desirable traits for higher yields.

How does plant genetics contribute to agriculture?

Breeding crops with desirable traits (e.g., higher nutritional value, disease resistance) leading to higher yields.

What is the role of plant bioactive compounds?

They are used in drug development; research discovers plant-derived compounds with medicinal properties.

Why is ecology important in botany?

It helps mitigate climate change, supports conservation, and guides habitat protection and ecosystem balance.

What is plant tissue culture used for?

Cultivating entire plants from a single cell; aids conservation and propagation.

What ecological and energy benefits come from conserving plants?

Protects habitats, prevents soil erosion, supports ecosystems; enables plant-based biofuels as renewable energy.

What is the scope of botany?

Study of external and internal plant structures; functions like food manufacture, movement, respiration, reproduction; adaptation, distribution, life history, relationships, classification; and improving plants for quality, yield, and new types.

What do Research Scientists in Botany do?

Research various botanical disciplines; contribute to scientific advancements; opportunities in academia, research institutions, and private sector.

What does a Plant Pathologist do?

Diagnose and manage plant diseases; work in agricultural research institutes, government departments, and agrochemical companies.

What does a Plant Taxonomist do?

Identify and categorize plant species based on morphology and genetics; opportunities in research institutions, botanical gardens, and herbariums.

What does a Plant Ecologist do?

Address ecological issues and promote environmental sustainability; work in environmental firms, government agencies, and conservation groups.

What does a Plant Geneticist study?

Genetic diversity, inheritance patterns, and breeding; employment in agricultural research, biotech companies, and seed industries.

What does a Conservation Biologist do?

Work toward biodiversity conservation and ecosystem preservation; opportunities in NGOs, conservation organizations, and government agencies.

What do Environmental Educators do?

Communicate botanical knowledge and raise awareness of plant-related environmental issues; opportunities in schools, nature centers, botanical gardens, and education organizations.

What is the work of a Pharmaceutical Botanist?

Explore medicinal properties of plants; identify compounds with therapeutic benefits; contribute to herbal medicines and pharmaceutical products.

What do Botanical Illustrators do?

Create visual plant representations for scientific or educational purposes; opportunities in botanical gardens, museums, and schools.

Who is considered the Father of Botany?

Theophrastus.

What did Aristotle contribute to botany?

Qualified plant groups (trees, shrubs, herbs) and laid groundwork for future study.

What is De Materia Medica?

An ancient encyclopedia detailing medicinal properties of around 600 plants by Dioscorides.

Who wrote De Materia Medica?

Dioscorides.

Who invented the microscope and described plant cells in Micrographia?

Robert Hooke (1665).

What did John Ray contribute to botany?

Wrote Historia Generalis Plantarum and recorded more than 1800 plants.

What did Johannes van Helmont contribute?

Early plant experiments; helped disprove soil-based growth and partially discovered photosynthesis by water uptake.

Who is known as the Father of Microbiology in relation to botany?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek.

What did Rudolf Camerarius demonstrate?

That plants reproduce sexually and the role of flower parts in seed production.

What did Stephen Hales establish in botany?

Plant physiology as a science; Vegetable Staticks and methods to measure plant properties.

Who is the Father of Taxonomy?

Carolus (Carl) Linnaeus.

What did Joseph Priestley contribute to plant metabolism?

Foundations of chemical analysis of plant metabolism; work on air and plants.

When were chlorophyll a and b discovered?

1903.

What did Mayer contribute to photosynthesis understanding?

Elucidated the process of photosynthesis in 1847.

When was the full mechanism of photosynthesis clarified?

1862.

What major evolution-related ideas did Darwin and Wallace contribute to botany?

Theory of evolution and natural selection; Darwin's On the Origin of Species.

Who is known as the Father of Genetics for pea plant studies?

Gregor Mendel.

What nitrogen-related processes were identified in the early 20th century?

Nitrogen fixation, nitrification, and ammonification.

What is Bentham-Hooker system?

A foundational plant classification framework described in Genera Plantarum by Bentham and Hooker.

Who collaborated on Genera Plantarum and helped lay modern plant classification?

George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker.

What contribution did Charles Edwin Bessey make?

Proposed a phylogenetic classification called 'Bessey’s Cactus' reflecting Darwinian ideas.

What did Adolf Engler propose in plant classification?

A system arranging higher vascular plant families by increasing flower complexity.

What is Karl Prantl known for?

Provided keys and descriptions for all known genera of algae, fungi, bryophytes, and higher vascular plants.

Name a Filipino botanist who developed high-yield C4 rice varieties.

Pedro B. Escuro.

What did Bienvenido O. Juliano contribute to rice science?

Improved grain quality; promoted economical and nutritious rice; developed grain quality evaluation methods.

What did Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza study?

Plant biochemistry; Macapuno coconut; cassava and sweet potato nutrition; pest and disease resistance.

Who is Eduardo Quisumbing?

An authority on Philippine plants; published on medical plants (orchids); received awards.

What is Asuncion Raymundo known for in botany?

Chemistry of natural products; applied biotechnology and microbial genetics; NASt member; presidential science advisor.

What did Benito S. Vergara study?

Flowering response of rice to photoperiodism; improvement of deep-water rice.

What did Prescillano M. Zamora study?

Xylem elements of vascular plants; fern conservation; environmental policy research.