Developmental Psychology (Mock) pt.2

Ecological System Theory

Development occurs through interaction between a developing person and five surrounding, interlocking contextual systems of influences, from microsystem to chronosystem

No

Is Ecological System Theory stage oriented?

Active

Is Ecological System Theory reactive/active?

Learning Perspective

- Observable Behavior

- Reinforcements and Punishments

- Modeling

Learning Perspective

Grounded in the idea that all behavior is nourished through interactions with the environment—it is through the process of conditioning, reinforcement, punishments, and observations.

Observing other people to learn a behavior.

Ivan Pavlov

B.F Skinner

Albert Bandura

Proponents in Learning Perspective

Learning Perspective

- Classical Theory

- Operant Conditioning

- Social Cognitive Theory

Classical Theory

Ivan Pavlov is the proponent of what theory?

Classical Theory

- Learning occurs by associating to stimuli, where one naturally elicits a response

- Classical Conditioning

No

Is the Classical Theory stage oriented?

Reactive

Is Classical Theory reactive/active?

B.F. Skinner

Proponent of Operant Conditioning

Operant Conditioning

Behaviors are learned and maintained through reinforcement (rewards) and punishment

No

Is the Operant Conditioning stage oriented?

Reactive

Is Operant Conditioning reactive/active?

Albert Bandura

Proponent of Social Cognitive Theory

Social Cognitive Theory

- Learning happens by watching others and imitating their behavior.

- People learn through observing others, imitating behaviors and modeling actions.

No

Is the Social Cognitive Theory stage oriented?

Both

Is Social Cognitive Theory reactive/active?

Unconscious desires and internal conflicts

According to the psychoanalytic perspective, ____ is considered as the primary driving force behind human behavior.

Behavioral or Learning Perspective

Observable behaviors and rewards is under the perspective of

Contextual Perspective

Social interactions and environmental context is under the perspective of

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Its main idea is that human development or human behavior is driven by unconscious desires, motivations, internal conflicts, and early childhood experiences. The interactions and relationships, particularly with their caregivers, have a lasting impact on how their behavior and personality are shaped.

Unconscious Mind

Early Childhood Experiences

Stage-Oriented

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Sigmund Freud

Proponent of Psychosexual Theory

Psychosexual Theory

- Behavior is controlled by powerful unconscious urges

- Id, ego and superego

Yes

Is the Psychosexual Theory stage oriented?

Reactive

Is Psychosexual Theory reactive/active?

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Erik Erikson

Sigmund Freud

Erik Erikson

Proponent of Psychosocial Theory

Psychosocial Theory

Personality is influenced by society and develops through a series of crises

Psychosocial Theory

Combination of Psychoanalytic Perspective and Social Relationships This is the main difference between Freud and Erikson. Freud was very focused on the unconscious and biological drives - that's why his theory mainly focused on erogenous zones and genitals. On the other hand, Erikson, aside from childhood experiences, also gave importance to the role of society or social relationships in his 8 stages theory.

Yes

Is the Psychosocial Theory stage oriented?

Active

Is Psychosocial Theory reactive/active?

Cognitive Perspective

Understanding mental processes and how they influence behavior. Usually, it includes how people think, how people remember, strategies to learn, how they solve problems, how they acquire language, and how they adapt to the environment

Cognitive Perspective

Jean Piaget

Leo Vygotsky

Mental Processes

Cognitive Growth

Active Learners

Cognitive Perspective

Cognitive Perspective

Cognitive Stage Theory

Sociocultural Theory

Psychoanalytic Perspective

Psychosexual Theory

Psychosocial Theory

Classical Theory

Operant Conditioning

Learning Perspective

Jean Piaget

Proponent of Cognitive Stage Theory

Cognitive Stage Theory

Children are active initiators of development

Active

Is the Cognitive Stage Theory active/reactive?

Yes

Is the Cognitive Stage Theory stage oriented?

Leo Vygotsky

Proponent of Sociocultural Theory

Sociocultural Theory

Social interaction is central to cognitive development

Active

Is the Sociocultural Theory active/reactive?

Yes

Is the Sociocultural Theory stage oriented?

Evolutionary Perspective

Imprinting, critical period, sensitive periods. Human behavior is influenced by the experiences of our ancestors, and the solutions they developed to survive have evolved into the thought patterns and behaviors of future generations.

Theory of Imprinting

Attachment Theory

Evolutionary Perspective