Head and Neck Muscles - BPK 326

origin

bone that remains immobile for an action

insertion

attachment to movable bone

Frontalis

origin - anterior, front (covers forehead and skull)

epicranial aponeurotis)

insertion - skin of eyebrows and root of nose

function - raises eyebrows and wrinkles forehead skin

Corrugator supercilii

origin - medial of superciliary arch

insertion - skin of eyebrow

function - draws eyebrow inferomedially (below to the middle)

Procerus

origin - fascia covering nasal bone, lateral nasal cartilages

insertion - skin of forehead

function - depresses medial angle of eyebrow, wrinkles skin covering bridge of nose

Nasalis (transverse and alar)

origin - frontal process of maxilla (alar), maxilla (transverse)

maxilla super-lateral to incisive fossa, maxilla superior to lateral incisor and canine teeth

insertion - skin of ala (alar), merges with counterpart at dorm of nose (transverse)

aponeurotic fascia crossing bridge of nose, skin overlying lateral crus of major alar cartilage

function - dilates nostrils (alar), compresses nostrils (transverse)

Orbicularis occuli

origin - nasal part of frontal bone, frontal process of maxilla, medial palpebral ligament, lacrimal bone

insertion - Skin of orbital region, lateral palpebral raphe, superior and inferior tarsal plates

function - Orbital part: Closes eyelids tightly

Palpebral part: Closes eyelids gently

Deep palpebral part: Compresses lacrimal sac

Zygomaticus major

origin - zygomatic bone

insertion - angle of the mouth

function - elevates angle of mouth

Zygomaticus minor

origin - lateral surface of zygomatic bone

insertion - angle of the mouth

function - elevate upper lip

Levator anguli oris

origin - canine fossa of maxilla

insertion - angle of mouth

function - elevates angle of the mouth

Levator labii superioris

origin - infraorbital margin

insertion - subcutaneous tissue of upper lip

function - elevates and everts upper lip

Orbicularis oris

origin - Medial aspects of maxilla and mandible, perioral skin and muscles, modiolus

insertion - Skin and mucous membrane of lips

function - compresses and protrudes lips

Risorius

origin - Parotid fascia, Buccal skin, zygomatic bone (variable)

insertion - Modiolus

function - pulls angle of mouth laterally

Buccinator

origin - Superior part: Alveolar process of maxilla

Inferior part: Alveolar part of mandible

Posterior part: Pterygomandibular raphe, buccinator crest of mandible

insertion - Modiolus, blends with muscles of upper lip

function - compress cheeks

Depressor anguli oris

origin - Mental tubercle and oblique line of mandible (continuous with platysma muscle)

insertion - Modiolus

function - depresses angle of mouth

Depressor labii inferioris

origin - oblique line of mandible

insertion - middle portion of lower lip

function - depresses lower lip

Mentalis

origin - Incisive fossa of mandible

insertion - subcutaneous tissue of chin

function - elevates and protrudes lower lip

Platysma

origin - pectoral fascia

insertion - Lower border of mandible, skin of buccal/cheek region, lower lip, modiolus, orbicularis oris muscle

function - tenses of skin of neck, depresses mandible

Temporalis

origin - temporal fossa and fascia

insertion - coronoid process and ramus of mandible

function - elevates and retracts mandible

Masseter

origin - inferior aspect of zygomatic arch

insertion - lateral aspect of coronoid process and ramus of mandible

function - elevates mandible, assists in protraction of mandible

Pterygoids (Lateral and Medial)

lateral

origin - origin - superior head - infratemporal surface / lateral surface of lateral ptergyoid plate of solenoid bone

insertion - neck of mandible

function - laterally moves and protracts mandible

medial

origin - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone, maxillary tuberosity and pyramidal process of palatine bone

insertion - medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

function - laterally moves and protracts mandible

The scalenes (anterior, middle, posterior)

anterior

origin - anterior tubercles of transverse process C3-C6

insertion - scalene tubercle of first rib

function - flexes and rotates laterally flexes neck and elevates first rib

middle

origin - transverse process of C2-C7

insertion - superior surface of first rib

function - laterally flexes neck and elevates first rib

posterior

origin - posterior tubercles of transverse process of C4-C6

insertion - external surface of second rib

function - laterally flexes neck, elevates second rib

The sternocleidomastoid

origin - anterior surface of manubrium of sternum, clavicular head, medial one third of clavicle

insertion - mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone

function - flexes and laterally flexes neck, rotates head

The superior (or descending) portion of trapezius*

origin - external occipital protuberance and superior nuchal line of occipital bone, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7

insertion - posterior aspect of lateral one third of clavicle, acromion of scapula

function - elevate, retract and upwardly rotates the pectoral girdle, laterally flexes and extends neck

Levator scapulae

origin - transverse process of C1-C4

insertion - superior angle of the scapula, medial border off scapula

action - elevates and downwardly rotates pectoral girdle, extends and laterally flexes neck at cervical vertebral joint