Lecture on Personality Psychology

These flashcards cover key concepts from a lecture on personality psychology, including definitions, theories, and significant contributions from various psychologists.

What is personality as defined by psychologists?

Personality is the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in each person.

Who developed the psychodynamic approach to personality?

Sigmund Freud developed the psychodynamic approach to personality.

According to Freud, what are the three structures of personality?

The three structures of personality are Id, Ego, and Superego.

What is the primary focus of the Id in Freud's theory?

The Id focuses on instinctual drives and seeks to reduce tension according to the pleasure principle.

What does the Ego do in Freud's personality structure?

The Ego acts as a buffer between the Id and the realities of the outside world, operating under the reality principle.

What is the role of the Superego?

The Superego judges the morality of our behavior and includes the conscience.

What defines the oral stage in Freud's psychosexual stages?

The oral stage is characterized by oral gratification from sucking, mouthing, eating, and biting.

What is the Oedipal Conflict in Freud's theory?

The Oedipal Conflict is a child's intense sexual interest in the opposite-sex parent.

What does the term 'f fixation' refer to in Freud's psychosexual stages?

Fixation refers to concerns or conflicts that persist beyond the developmental period in which they first occur.

Name one defense mechanism mentioned by Freud.

Repression is a defense mechanism where unacceptable or unpleasant impulses are pushed out of awareness.

What did Carl Jung refer to as the collective unconscious?

The collective unconscious is an inherited set of ideas, feelings, images, and symbols shared among all humans.

What is the primary human motivation proposed by Alfred Adler?

Alfred Adler proposed that the primary human motivation is striving for superiority in a quest for self-improvement and perfection.

What is the concept of self-efficacy in social cognitive theory?

Self-efficacy is the belief that we can master a situation and produce positive outcomes.

What are the Big Five Personality Factors?

The Big Five Personality Factors include Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

What is the purpose of psychological tests in personality assessment?

Psychological tests are designed to assess behavior objectively and help individuals understand more about themselves.