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Pun
A play on words
Anchorage
The words that accompany an image give the meaning associated with that image.
Broadsheet
A larger newspaper that publishes more serious news
By-line
Includes the journalist’s name, details and can often include a photo
Gatekeepers
The people responsible for deciding the most appropriate stories to appear in newspapers. They may be the owner, editor or senior journalists. They will only let the stories most appropriate for the ideology of the paper 'through the gate'.
Jump line
Includes the page number for readers to continue reading that article.
Political Bias
Where a newspaper may show support for a political party through its choice of stories, style of coverage, cartoons, etc. It may be subtle and implicit, or explicit as in the case of the tabloids on election day
Red top
A British newspaper that has its name in red at the top of the front page. Red-tops have a lot of readers, but are not considered to be as serious as other newspapers.
Splash
The story that is given the most prominence on the front page of a newspaper.
Standalone
A picture or story that doesn’t relate to the rest of the front cover
Tabloid
Refers to the dimensions of a newspaper; a tabloid is smaller and more compact in size. However, there are further connotations attached to the term and it also tends to refer to a newspaper whose content focuses on lighter news, for example celebrity gossip, sport and television
What is the date of the Sun case study?
January 16th 2019
What is the audience of the sun?
-Mostly British, working class hererosexual men, with low education and literacy levels (reading age roughly 8/9)
-Readers are usually patriotic, sometimes leaning towards xenophobic, racist and jingoistic
-Mostly conservative (right-winged) political views
How does the sun appeal to its audiences?
-Appeals to lower literacy levels by having big images and small amounts of text.
-‘Chunked’ text in articles, as well as subheadings makes it easier for audiences to read.
-Lots of ‘soft news’ for audiences who find harder political news less engaging
-Adverts are chosen and placed specifically to engage target audiences (e.g budget supermarkets/brands as audiences are less likely to have money)
-Inclusion of sexualised women to appeal to heterosexual male audiences- used to be completely topless, however now this is only available online.
-Political views engaged by politically biassed articles
How is the sun applicable to Uses and Gratifications Theory (Surveillance)?
Audiences are learning about news and the world around them
How is the sun applicable to Uses and Gratifications Theory (Diversion)?
-An ‘escape’ from their everyday life in favour of a better one, competitions used to allow audiences to imagine what their life would be like if they won.
-They feature puzzles and put the answers in the next day papers so audiences are encouraged to purchase the next day.
How is the sun applicable to Uses and Gratifications Theory (Personal Identity)?
Some stories will be more relatable and familiar to audiences so they can ‘identity’ with them, and see others in the same situation
Why are fewer people buying newspapers?
-There is increasing competition from online and 24-hour television news channels
-Audiences can now access the most up to date news on their smartphones and tablets, receive alerts and select the areas of news that they wish to consume
Why is advertising important to online and printed newspapers?
-They need online presence as it can reach a wider audience than the print version of the newspaper, so it can possibly extend the audiences beyond the intended target group.
-It is their main source of funding and addition to sales
Which company owns ‘The Sun’?
News UK
What is the name of the organisation that regulates newspapers and magazines in Britain?
The Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO)
Has ‘The Sun Newspaper’ always been a tabloid newspaper?
No, it was established as a Broadsheet newspaper in 1964. Its original aim was to be radical and independent and not support any political party. In 1969, Murdochh changed the Sun to a tabloid and quickly overtook the daily mail as the best selling newspaper in 1978.
Which political party does The Sun newspaper support?
Conservative
Who owns the sun newspaper?
Rupert Murdoch
What were the Suns circulation figures AO 2020?
-Daily readership of nearly 1.3 million. Estimates now suggest that this has declined significantly in the last 3 years.
What is the statistic for the suns decrease in popularity?
97% of people surveyed had heard of The Sun, but only 29% liked it.
What were the features of the case study sun newspaper?
-Theresa May’s head on a dodo
-’May’s brexit deal as dead as a dodo’
-’Brextinct’
-9.50 holidays (audiences needed to collect tokens from the newspaper then visit the suns website to redeem their holiday).
-The sun says
-Dear Deidre
What is Dear Deidre?
-The problems page where audiences will write in seeking advice.
-Deidre also has her own page on The Sun’s website, creating a clear link between the two platforms.
-However, the website simply features more letters from readers, rather than interactive content.
What is ‘The Sun Says’?
This is a typical headline used by The Sun to show their authority to an audience on a particular topic..
how is having a website useful for newspapers?
websites open up another stream of revenue for mewspapers like the sun as they can sell
how do newspapers such as the sun target global mass audiences?
the sun also has its own facebook and twitter pages to target a global mass audience, and also to enourage readers to share content online, marketing the papers online content to other friendshow
how have newspapers attempted to retain readers?
most newspapers, including The Sun, have their own online websites, as well as downloadable digital editions on apps, in order to compete with other online news sites, and try to retain readers.
how does financial loss not effect the company?
The Sun announced that they had been losing aorund 91million pounds so they arent actually making any profit from printing the newspaper, theyre only make money from advertisements. being published by NewsUK, part of the NewsCorp, means that they can continue publishing, despite making financial loss, as they have a large conglomerate behind them to support them. it gives them the power to take risks as they make money from other products
why dont newspapers censor readers comments?
newspapers might choose NOT to cesor some readers’ comments, or may choose to deliberately BREAK the rules themselves. this is because the more controversial their content, the more readers it often gets increasing more revenue
why can newspapers not always control their social media comments?
social media is essentially not regulated by any regulatory body and because of the vast number of people using it, newspapers are often unable to control what readers post on their shared articles. newspapers arent bound by companies like IPSO on social media but they do what they can to delete questionable comments so that they dont receieve any comments that can get the paper in alot of trouble
how do audiences get around regulations?
some audiences will star out their swearwords with numbers or asterisk or spaces so their comment wont become at risk of being removed. people will also use alternative words for swear words so they can imply what they actually are trying to say
how else do newspapers regulate their comment section?
in addition to algorithms, companies use ‘human moderators’ to check through comments. they often CAN detect tone and context. however human moderators cannot check the vast amount of content/ comments posted on some newspaper articles. some articles might receive tens of thousands of comments in a matter of hours so you would need to hire more people to do the job.
so combining algorithms and human moderators it is an attempt to get through MOST comments but there will always still be some controversial ones left
what is a problem with algorithms?
the problems with this is that algorithms cannot detect context eg tone or humour or whether someone is simply quoting someone else etc. so, algorithms are not a perfect way in regulating ur website
how do algorithms work?
algorithms carry out automatic searches for key words or triggers that might be offensive or illegal e.g threats, discrimination etc. they will block the comment from being posted or sensor the comment with a warning before people view it
how do newspapers use technology to regulate content ?
many newspapers use technologies such as algorithms to help them regulate the content posted by their readers on their websites. the only way this can be done is by programming these algorithms to get rid of certain word that blunt people put on the comment sections.
how does new technology affect regulation?
newspaper regulation has become harder because of new technologies. people can common online on their stories and it is hard to prevent racism, homophobic etc
how does the sun get around these fines?
newspapers like The Sun have ways to get around the sanctions imposed by IPSO so that thye dont have to do anythin that causes too much bad publicity or too much cost. they print it VERY tiny at the back of the newspaper or a place where they think most people wont read it
if they are asked to appologise online, they will publish it very late at night when less people are reading so they have strategic ways of trying to minimise negative publicity.
and if they are told to publish their apology on the front page, they will still ensure to print it very small and in a corner of the page where the less important ‘facts’ go
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