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What contributed most directly to a tendency toward political disunity in ancient India?
diverse geographical features
The Crusades launched by European Christians at the end of the 11th century were motivated primarily by
papal efforts to unite western European elites against a common enemy of Christianity
What is is an accurate comparison of the political systems in Western Europe and China during the time period 1000-1300?
Western Europe developed multiple monarchies, while china remained a single empire
Which of staple crops is MOST closely associated with the rise of societies in SE Asia?
Rice
merchants were at the bottom of the Confucian social hierarchy because...
they placed self-interest ahead of the needs of the community
The compass was a tecnology derived from which region?
China
The Viking attacks of Europe in the 8th and 9th centuries CE contributed to the development of the political, economic and social system known as...
feudalism
The term 'samurai' describes men in feudal Japan who were most like the men in feudal Europe known as...
knights
Which country had the greatest manufacturing capacity during the time period 1000 to 1450 CE?
China
Describe commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 1000-1450 CE
Indian ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African Merchants
How were Hebrew kingdoms different than MOST states and societies in Southwest Asia?
Adoption of a monotheistic system
The chinese philosopher Laozi taught that people could achieve peace of mind by...
accepting, with humility, one's lot in life
What BEST describes the achievements of the emperor Charlemagne (768-814 CE) in the history of Europe?
He extended the practice of Christianity into parts of central europe
Medieval japanese culture and society borrowed what from mainland China?
Court rituals and practices, confucian values, pictographic language, buddhism
During the first 2 centuries CE, what goods did the Roman Empire trade to India and India to the Roman Empire?
Rome to India: silver and gold India to Rome: Pepper
In the period 1000-1450 CE, what were 2 occupations pursued by large numbers of African and European women?
midwife and healer
The principal environmental problem for ancient Mesopotamia was
loss of soil fertility
Early Christianity and Mahayana Buddhism shared what religious ideas?
personal salvation
What best describes both the fall of the Roman and Han Empires
The cost of defending imperial frontiers led to economic and political crises
What was one of the most valuable commodities added to the established trading systems by the trans-Saharan trade?
Salt
Attempts to prevent the decline of the Roman Empire in the late classical period included what?
the establishment of a new capital in the wealthier eastern provincesd
Compared to Greek and Roman slavery, what differences existed with American slavery?
Greco-Roman slaves preformed a variety of tasks, while American slaves were used primarily for manual labor
What does the Swahili language illustrate about the aspects of African civilization during 1200s and 1300s CE?
connection to arab and asian trade networks
What aspect did the Harappan, Shang, and Sumerian civilizations all have in common?
river-based civilization
According to the Conrad-Demarest model, what is a factor that's primarily responsible for the decline and fall of empires?
Policies of conquest that expand the empire beyond its practical limits
During the 3rd century BCE, what did Legalism emphasize?
Centralization of political authority under the emperor
How did the Neolithic Revolution influence gender roles?
work outside the home was very highly valued
What's a factor that prevented efforts to unify the indian subcontinent under one political authority during the period c.500-c.1000 CE?
the continued resistance of local rulers to a single ruler
What is regarded by historians as crucial to the prosperity and wealth of the chinese empire?
Changes in the cultivation of rice
What was a common feature of Japanese and European feudalism?
A rigid social structure
What developments are the Roman emperor Constantine and the Indian emperor Asoka both associated with?
the promotion and spread of religion
What best describes the significance of the Bantu migrations?
As the Bantus migrated, they spread their agriculture, culture, and language throughout Africa
What is the best definition of the social heirarchy of Christian Europe by 1000 CE?
Clergy, aristocracy, and peasantry
What are some advancements that occurred in the Tang or Song dynasties?
invention of gunpowder, initial use of paper money, use of a printing press, use of the compass for navigation
What're some developments in world history that had occurred by 1000 CE?
Monotheistic religious beliefs and the establishment of trans-regional networks of goods, cultural traditions and institutions
What's an explanation for the decentralization of political authority in Western and Central Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries?
the carolingian rulers were unable to protect their territories from groups of invaders
"He (the superior man) doesn't mind being in office; all that he minds about is whether he has qualities that entitle him to office. He doesn't mind failing to get recognition; he is too busy doing the things that entitle him to recognition." (Analects IV. 14) The quote above from the Confucian Analects stresses what confucian idea?
the real leader focuses on work, rather than recognition
What group in Roman society was most receptive to the teachings of Christianity?
Women
What BEST explains the function of guilds in medieval Europe?
They organized and regulated economic activity in cities and towns
What was a common feature of both European and Japanese feudalism?
limited social mobility
What wasn't a significant global development during the time period 8000 BCE to 600 CE?
The formation of nomadic empires led to an increase in trade along the Silk Roads
Give an example of TRANS-ECOLOGICAL exchanges along the Silk Roads?
Gold from West Africa, grain from Western Europe
Give an example of a cultural-social development that did not occur in the Tang-Song era in China
Greater egalitarianism in gender roles
What best describes the status of the Buddhist faith in China after the persecutions of the Tang era?
Buddhism remained part of the Chinese popular religion
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