Anemias

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8 Terms

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Acute Blood Loss anemia

Cause: trauma

-replaced w/ interstitial fluid

-decreased hematocrit

-Normocytic, normochromic

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Chronic Blood Loss anemia

Cause: repetitive loss, GI bleed, heavy period

-only chronic if loss exceeds bone marrow reproduction

-iron reserve in liver keeps up #

-develops slowly, insidious until hemoglobin levels are realllllly low

-Microcytic Hypochromic

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Hemolytic anemia

Cause: premature destruction of RBCs

-increase in reticulocytes

-inherited defects of membrane (SPEROCYTOSIS)

-inherited defects of hemoglobin (SICKLE CELL)

-antibody mediated destruction (HEMOLYTIC NEWBORN DISEASE & SLE)

-mechanical trauma (Defective valves, marathon)

-infections of RBCs (MALARIA)

<p>Cause: premature destruction of RBCs</p><p>-increase in reticulocytes</p><p>-inherited defects of membrane (SPEROCYTOSIS)</p><p>-inherited defects of hemoglobin (SICKLE CELL)</p><p>-antibody mediated destruction (HEMOLYTIC NEWBORN DISEASE & SLE)</p><p>-mechanical trauma (Defective valves, marathon)</p><p>-infections of RBCs (MALARIA)</p>

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Sickle Cell anemia

Cause: inherited disorder mutated B hemoglobin chain

clumping NOT clotting of abnormally shaped RBCs from mutated hemoglobin chains

-damaged membranes increase hemolysis

-blood vessel blockage, ischemia, chronic

-sickle shape

<p>Cause: inherited disorder mutated B hemoglobin chain</p><p>clumping NOT clotting of abnormally shaped RBCs from mutated hemoglobin chains</p><p>-damaged membranes increase <strong><u>hemolysis</u></strong></p><p>-blood vessel blockage, ischemia, chronic </p><p>-sickle shape</p>

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Aplastic anemia

Cause: decrease RBC production

-radiation, chemotherapy, & toxins

-decrease in hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow

-decreased in number

-stem cell deficiency

-normocytic, normochromic OR megaloblastic

<p>Cause: decrease RBC production</p><p>-radiation, chemotherapy, & toxins</p><p>-decrease in hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow</p><p>-decreased in number</p><p>-stem cell deficiency</p><p>-normocytic, normochromic OR megaloblastic</p>

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Iron Deficiency anemia

*most common type worldwide

Cause: diet, bleeding, increase in bodily demand (kids, pregnant)

-found when Hb levels are 7-8g/dL

-pale ear lobes, palms, and conjuctiva

-spoon shaped nails, sore tongue, dry corners of mouth

-microcytic, hypochromic

<p>*most common type worldwide</p><p>Cause: diet, bleeding, increase in bodily demand (kids, pregnant)</p><p>-found when Hb levels are 7-8g/dL</p><p>-pale ear lobes, palms, and conjuctiva</p><p>-spoon shaped nails, sore tongue, dry corners of mouth</p><p>-microcytic, hypochromic</p>

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Inflammation Disease anemia

Cause: chronic infections

-Infections: HIV

-Inflammatory conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

-Diseases: renal failure, congestive heart failure, COPD

-Malignancies: leukemia, lymphoma

-microcytic, hypochromic

<p>Cause: chronic infections</p><p>-Infections: HIV</p><p>-Inflammatory conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, SLE</p><p>-Diseases: renal failure, congestive heart failure, COPD</p><p>-Malignancies: leukemia, lymphoma</p><p>-microcytic, hypochromic</p>

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Pernicious anemia

Cause: decrease RBC production due to lack of Vit B12

- intrinsic factor binds to Vit B12 in parietal cells in stomach lining, protecting it from acid destruction in liver, and speeding up DNA erythropoiesis in bone marrow

-No Vit B12=unbound=takes much longer in DNA erythropoiesis

-clump not clot

-megaloblastic

<p>Cause: decrease RBC production due to lack of Vit B12</p><p>- intrinsic factor binds to Vit B12 in parietal cells in stomach lining, protecting it from acid destruction in liver, and speeding up DNA erythropoiesis in bone marrow</p><p>-No Vit B12=unbound=takes much longer in DNA erythropoiesis</p><p>-clump <u>not</u> clot</p><p>-megaloblastic</p>