Sibling Relationships and Friends

What is the mental health outcome for a disfavored young adult who experienced Parental Differential Treatment (PDT)?

Higher depressive symptoms

What is the type of attachment outcome for a disfavored young adult who experienced Parental Differential Treatment (PDT)?

Insecure

Disfavored young adults who experience Parental Differential Treatment (PDT) has _________ compared to siblings who were favorited

lower self-esteem 

What is strongly associated with recalling unfair Parental Differential Treatment (PDT) from childhood?

Martial conflict 

A favored sibling often reports high __________ and _________

parental affection, self-esteem

Why would a favored sibling have high distress and insecure-avoidant attachment in their romantic relationships?

If they perceive their partner is better than them they will not have a script

What are the 3 effects when siblings did not have Parental Differential Treatment (PDT) OR they accepted the need for it?

1. Positive internal models 

2. Higher self-esteem

3. Better romantic relationship outcomes 

When are children more likely to accept Parental Differential Treatment (PDT)?

When they understand the reason for it

Can children function as attachment figures for one another?

No, they lack emotional regulation skills to serve as a constant secure base

What is exception to the statement “Children cannot be attachment figures for one another”?

In late adolescence peers can potentially serve as attachment figures 

If a parent has an unhealthy child with a chronic illness and another child who is healthy, what has to happen in order for the healthy child to not have negative effects from Parental Differential Treatment (PDT)?

They have to understand the reason

What is the major requirement for an attachment figure?

Person must view the attachment figure as having an enduring commitment to being available if needed

What is the homophilic effect?

Friends are similar to each other in many ways excluding personality

The more ________ you have with someone the closer they are to the center in Dunbar’s number.

Pillars

• Language

• Place of origin

• Educational history

• Hobbies

• Musical taste

• Sense of humor

• Worldview

What are these?

Seven Pillars of Friendship

What is 150 in Dunbar’s number?

The maximum number of friends someone can have 

What is at the center of Dunbar’s number?

Individual

Who are the 5 people in the level after the individual in Dunbar’s number?

The most important people in our lives that we allocate the most amount of time to

Who are the 15 people in the level after the support clique in Dunbar’s number?

Friends you will have over for a quiet dinner.

What is rejection sensitivity?

Overreacting to possible social rejection

How would a person with high reactive sensitivity react to a minor slight?

Overreact

How does high reactive sensitivity develop?

When a caregiver rejects the child’s needs 

What are the 3 things that reactive sensitivity is a risk factor for?

1. Depression

2. Anxiety

3. Poor relationship satisfaction

How do those who are high in reactive sensitivity react to potential rejection?

Self-protective behaviors that undermine their relationship with others

When does social comparison between siblings lead to negative outcomes like jealousy and conflict?

When siblings identify similarities in areas that matter to them

What is upward comparison?

When a sibling feels that the other is better off than they are

What is downward comparison?

When someone feels that they are better off than their sibling

Disfavored sibling most at risk for depression in this study when they also reported _________

upward comparisons