American Yawp Chapter 4

Consumer revolution

time period during which the desire for exotic imports increased dramatically due to economic expansion and population growth

Commodity money

objects that have value in themselves and that are also used as money, in colonial times tobacco and whiskey were commonly used for currency.

Bills of credit

paper money

Sugar Trade

There was a high demand for this product in Europe, and it caused a vast amounts of slaves from Africa to be work force on plantations. These were the most profitable trade.

Navigation Acts

Laws that governed trade between England and its colonies. Colonists were required to ship certain products exclusively to England. These acts made colonists very angry because they were forbidden from trading with other countries. Theses laws promoted mercantilism.

Smuggling

The English government did not enforce trade laws. Many colonists engaged in this in trades with other nations such as the Dutch for tea and sugar. It was estimated by colonial authorities that 83 percent of tea in Boston and 90 percent in New York and Philadelphia were obtained through this.

James Oglethorpe

Founder and governor of the Georgia colony. He ran a tightly-disciplined, military-like colony. Slaves, alcohol, and Catholicism were forbidden in his colony. Many colonists felt that Oglethorpe was a dictator, and that (along with the colonist's dissatisfaction over not being allowed to own slaves) caused the colony to break down and Oglethorpe to lose his position as governor.

Rice Plantations

Largely present in South Carolina, these were run by African slaves and saved most of South Carolina's economy

Task System

A method of organizing enslaved labor in which workers were given specific set of jobs to accomplish every day, after which they were allowed to spend their time as they chose

Stono Rebellion

The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period which occurred in 1739 in South Carolina. 100 African Americans rose up, got weapons and killed several whites then tried to escape to Spanish. Florida. The uprising was crushed and the participants executed. The main form of rebellion was running away, though there was no where to go.

Patroonships

Dutch system of settlement. Vast tracts of land along the Hudson River in New Netherlands granted to wealthy promoters in exchange for bringing fifty settlers to the property.

Quakers

English dissenters who broke from Church of England, preache a doctrine of pacificism, inner divinity, and social equity, under William Penn they founded Pennsylvania. They were the first to advocate abolitionism.

Royal Colony

a colony in which the monarch appointed both the governor and the council of advisors. These governments carried out the orders and wishes of the Crown as opposed to private or local interests By 1775 the Royal Colony system of government was in the Carolina's, Virginia, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Hampshire and New York

Proprietary colonies

an individual, or small elite group, essentially owned the colony, controlling all of the actions and institutions of government, for which they would receive political or financial favors. The governors of these reported directly to the king. By 1775 Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania were these

Charter Colonies

These were generally self-governed, and their charters were granted to the colonists via a joint-stock company

When created, the British King granted these colonies a charter establishing the rules of government, but he allowed the colonists a great amount of freedom within those rule. Rhode Island and Connecticut. The Massachusetts Bay Colony was a royal province are examples of these

Sentimentalism

Originated in Europe as part of the Romatic movement, and spread into all classes of American society after 1800. It celebrated the importance of "feeling"- a physical, sensuous appreciation of God, nature, and other human beings. This movement led more and more young women and men to chose their own partners in a new cultural attitude.

Republican Motherhood

An idea linked to republicanism that elevated the role of women. It gave them the prestigious role as the special keepers of the nation's conscience. Educational opportunities for women expanded due to this. Its roots were from the idea that a citizen should be to his country as a mother is to her child.

Coverture

18th century legal doctrine that deprived married women of any identity separate from that of their husbands.

Print culture

a growing concern with the secular as opposed to the religious issues during the Enlightenment led to this, in which books and newspapers achieved a status of their own.

Great Awakening

(1730s and 1740s) Religious movement characterized by emotional preaching (Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield). The first cultural movement to unite the Thirteen Colonies. Associated with the democratization of religion.

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

A sermon written by Jonathan Edwards (a puritan pastor) about God being angry and condemning non-Christians to Hell. This sermon also expressed the danger of being a non-believer and going to hell. Furthermore, only God's mercy is keeping the non-believers from their damnation, but God at any time can let the non-believers sink into the fiery pits of Hell.

George Whitefield

English clergyman who was known for his ability to convince many people through his sermons. He involved himself in the Great Awakening in 1739 preaching his belief in gaining salvation.

Seven Years War

(1756-1763 CE) Known also as the French and Indian war. It was the war between the French and their Indian allies and the English that proved the English to be the more dominant force of what was to be the United States both commercially and in terms of controlled regions.

Pontiac's War

After the French and Indian war a leader of Ottawa nation led an alliance of western Native Americans attacked British forts/settlements. Nearly half a dozen western british forts destroyed; at least 2,000 backcountry settlers killed. British killed Native Americans who had NOT attacked them

Proclamation line of 1776

British law saying American colonists could not settle West of Appalachian Mountains after winning the French and Indian War.It was passed to avoid conflict with Indians in Ohio Valley following Pontiac's Rebellion