: Civil Rights and Social Movements in the Americas

IB history paper 3

What was the AIM and what did it fight for?

The American Indian Movement (AIM) fought for Native land rights, education reform, and respect for treaties in the U.S.

How did Canada and Latin America respond to Indigenous rights movements?

Canada saw protests against the 1969 White Paper; Latin American Indigenous groups demanded land, political rights, and cultural recognition.

What were the main tactics of the African American Civil Rights Movement?

Non-violent protests, sit-ins, boycotts, marches, and legal action through groups like NAACP, SNCC, and SCLC.

What were two major legal outcomes of the Civil Rights Movement?

Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Civil Rights Act (1964), and Voting Rights Act (1965).

What was Martin Luther King Jr.’s role in the Civil Rights Movement?

He led peaceful protests and campaigns like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and March on Washington; he promoted non-violence and helped pass civil rights laws.

Who were the leaders and groups involved in radical African American activism (1965–68)?

Malcolm X, the Black Panthers, and Black Muslims promoted self-defense, Black pride, and economic justice.

: How did the U.S. government support and suppress civil rights movements?

It passed reform laws (e.g., Civil Rights Acts) but also surveilled and disrupted activists through FBI programs like COINTELPRO.

How did governments in Canada and Latin America react to civil rights demands?

Mixed responses—some reforms, but also resistance and repression, especially toward Indigenous and feminist movements.

What defined youth counterculture in the 1960s–70s?

Rejection of traditional values, opposition to the Vietnam War, hippie lifestyle, music, and student protests for free speech and civil rights.

What were the main goals of feminist movements in the Americas?

Legal equality, reproductive rights, wage equality, and fighting gender-based violence.

What was NOW and what did it push for?

The National Organization for Women (NOW) fought for the Equal Rights Amendment and broader women’s rights in the U.S.