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Who founded the Liao Dynasty, and when did it rule?
The Liao Dynasty was founded by the Khitan people in 916 and ruled until 1125.
Who were the Khitan, and what role did they play in the Liao Dynasty?
a nomadic people from the northern steppes who founded the Liao Dynasty after successfully conquering parts of northern China and Mongolia.
Who was Abaoji, and what was his significance in the Liao Dynasty?
a leader of the Yelü Clan and the first emperor of the Liao Dynasty. He proclaimed himself emperor in 916 and conquered the Bohai Kingdom in 926
What was the significance of the Treaty of Shanyuan (1005) between the Liao and the Song Dynasties?
established a diplomatic agreement where the Song Dynasty recognized the Liao Dynasty as the superior power, though the Song maintained its independence.
What is dual administration, and how was it used by the Liao Dynasty?
system where the Liao Dynasty governed the Han Chinese population using Chinese-style bureaucratic methods, while maintaining their own administration for the Khitan people
What were the 16 Prefectures, and why were they important to the Liao Dynasty?
key regions annexed by the Liao Dynasty in 938, strengthening its territorial control and consolidating power in northern China.
Who founded the Jin Dynasty, and when did it rule?
the Jurchen people in 1115 and ruled until 1234.
Who were the Jurchen, and what role did they play in Chinese history?
a Manchu-speaking people from the northeast who overthrew the Liao Dynasty and founded the Jin Dynasty in 1115.
Who was Aguda, and what did he accomplish?
leader of the Wanyan Clan and the founder of the Jin Dynasty, leading the Jurchens to victory over the Liao Dynasty in 1115.
What was the Meng’an Mouke system used by the Jurchen people?
the social and military organizational system used by the Jurchens to structure their military and society, strengthening their governance.
What is Sinicization, and how did it apply to the Jin Dynasty?
he process of foreign rulers adopting Chinese cultural practices to govern more effectively. The Jin Dynasty practiced Sinicization by incorporating Chinese bureaucracy and cultural practices into their rule.
What led to the decline of the Jin Dynasty?
after Emperor Shizong’s reign due to internal strife, military defeats, and external pressures, eventually falling to the Mongols in 1234.
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