Treatment of Concussion

What is a concussion?

A brain injury that causes a disturbance in normal brain function.

Name three common symptoms of concussion.

Headache, dizziness, memory disturbance.

What are two common causes of concussion?

A direct blow to the head or an indirect blow causing rapid head movement.

Why are children and adolescents more vulnerable to concussions?

They have higher brain susceptibility and risk of serious neurological complications.

List four visible cues of concussion.

Dazed, unsteady on feet, seizures, confusion.

What are the red flag symptoms of concussion?

Loss of consciousness, seizures, severe headaches.

What should be done if red flag symptoms are present?

Remove from play and refer for urgent medical assessment or emergency services.

What does the first 48 hours of concussion recovery involve?

Relative rest with no physical or cognitive exertion.

Why is relative rest important after concussion?

It allows brain recovery and prevents worsening of symptoms.

What activities should be avoided during the first 48 hours of concussion recovery?

Screen time, schoolwork, and exercise.

When should players with repeated or prolonged concussions be referred to specialists?

When symptoms persist, to a healthcare professional experienced in concussions.

What is the aim of Stage 1 in return-to-sport after concussion?

Symptom-limited activity.

What activity is done in Stage 1?

Daily activities that do not provoke symptoms.

What is the goal of Stage 1?

Gradual reintroduction of work or school activities.

What is the aim of Stage 2 in return-to-sport?

Light aerobic exercise.

What activity is done in Stage 2?

Walking or stationary cycling at slow to medium pace, no resistance training.

What is the goal of Stage 2?

Increase heart rate.

What is the aim of Stage 3 in return-to-sport?

Sport-specific exercise.

What activity is done in Stage 3?

Running or skating drills, but no head impact activities.

What is the goal of Stage 3?

Add movement.

What is the aim of Stage 4 in return-to-sport?

Non-contact training drills.

What activity is done in Stage 4?

Harder training drills such as passing drills, may start resistance training.

What is the goal of Stage 4?

Improve exercise tolerance, coordination, and thinking.

What is the aim of Stage 5 in return-to-sport?

Full contact practice after medical clearance.

What is the goal of Stage 5?

Restore confidence and assess functional skills by coaching staff.

What is the final stage (Stage 6) of return-to-sport?

Return to normal game play.