APUSH: Cultural Interactions

Good works, Bishops

Around 1517, the Church insisted you needed what to get into heaven, and that only who should interpret the Bible?

Protestants

Rejected the religious authority of the Popes and Bishops

Protestants

Respected faith over effort to earn salvation

Religious England

What was advanced by the printing press?

Nation

The people and culture of a particular place

State

Government

Nation-state

Pushed against ideal of a united Christian Empire

1492

When did Ferdinand and Isabella unite Spain?

Warfare in nation-states

Linked national unity with religious uniformity

Peace of Augsburg, 1555

No ruler would attack another kingdom on grounds of religion

Small kingdoms in Germany

What was the Peace of Augsburg among?

Treaty of Westphalia, 1648

Between different European powers and extended Augsburg Peace

Ponce de Leon

Part of army to take over Grenada in 1492

Ponce de Leon

Governor of Puerto Rico

Fountain of Youth

Why did Ponce de Leon go to Florida?

Panfilo de Narvaez

Sailed to Tampa Bay with 400 men

Cabeza de Vaca

Who lost boats, only had 250 other people left on Tampa Bay journey, and built 5 rafts?

Four

How many people in Cabeza de Vaca’s group decided to literally walk from Texas to Mexico?

Stuck in hurricane

What happened to Cabeza de Vaca after they left Tampa Bay of rafts?

Rio Grande

Where were the 7 cities Cabeza de Vaca heard about?

Up North

Where did Cabeza de Vaca think there was more gold?

Marcos de Niza

In 1539, who wanted to explore the cities on the Rio Grande?

Enslaved Esteban

Who did Marcos de Niza bring as a scout?

Zuni Pueblo killed him

What happened to Esteban after he dressed in feathers and bells?

“Seven Cities of Cibola”

What was the nickname for the seven citieson the Rio Grande?

Arizona

In 1540, where did Francisco Vasquez de Coronado go?

Spanish gold strategy

Keep telling them that wealth is nearby, just over the Horizon

De Soto

Who received fame and gold from Panama in the 1920s, and was on Pizarros Inca expedition?

Georgia or South Carolina

In 1540, where did De Soto most likely land?

Enslave them

What did De Soto try to do to Natives he encountered with gifts?

Mississippi River

What river did De Soto hit on his journey?

Pillage and kill

What did De Soto do to the villagethat refused to help him?

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo

Who investigated the Pacific Coast from 1542-1543?

San Diego Bay, San Francisco Bay

Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo went to __________, but missed __________ because of fog.

Gaspey de Coligny

French Protestant nobleman who wanted to take land for France and Protestant people, in 1562

Charles IX of France

Who was Fort Caroline named after?

Pedro Menendez de Aviles

In 1565, what Spaniard kicked the French Protestants out and created St. Augustine?

Ft. Caroline

Pedro Menedez de Aviles’ troops killed everyone in what location?

God, Gold, Glory

What were three reasons the Spanish were so violent?

Reconquista sons/grandsons wanted Glory, primogeniture, and pillaging

Why were the Spanish so violent? List three reasons.

Primogeniture

Division of kingdoms/land among every descendent

St. Augustine Colony

What place represented diversity because of the mixing of Africans, Europeans, ad Native Americans?

Francis Drake

English privateer who sailed up the Pacific Coast in 1579, copying Cabrillo

Don Juan de Onate

Governor of New Mexico

Administrative districts

Don Juan de Onate split New Mexico into what?

Zutucapan

Leader of Acoma Pueblo who avoided Onate because he didn’t want to cede authority

Hanged chief and burned village

What did Onate do to the Acoma Pueblos?

Onate

Who recalled 1609 because he couldn’t find gold and had harsh tactics?

Don Pedro de Peratta

Who replaced Don Juan de Onate as the Governor of New Mexico?

King Francis I

Didn’t want to leave Americas to Spain or Portugal, nor leave it for England

Giovanni de Verrazzano

Sent to explore the Atlantic and find a sea route to China

Jacques Cartier

Explored Newfoundland in 1534

Northwest Passage to Asia

What was Jacques Cartier looking for?

Native Americans

Who did the French largely rely on trade with to earn a profit in American pursuits?