Gilded Age & Progressive Era

American History Chapter 7 & 8

Populist Movement

1. Led by Farmers

2. Not enough people led to it failing

3. Make the Government more responsive to people

4. 17th Amendment

Progressive Movement

1. Led by city workers

2. Not enough pay, or safety

3. Led to a more safe work environment and less working hours

Muckrakers

1. Exposed Many issues - People

2. Political Cartoons, Photographs, Novels

3. Jacob Riis 

4. Thomas Nast 

5. Upton Claire

Jim Crow Laws 

1. Laws against Black’s to limit rights & Citizenship.

2. Bus Laws

3. Divided schools

4. Sun down towns 

Upton Sinclair

1. Muckraker

2. Consumer Protection

3. Focused on Food & Safety

Jacob Riis

1. Muckraker 

2. Slums/ Tenement Houses 

3. Used Photography + Light 

4. Showed living situations 

Thomas nast 

1. Muckraker 

2. Government Competition 

3. “Spoils System” 

4. Targeted “Boss (William) Tweed

Ellis Island/ Angel Island

1. Entry points for immigrants 

2. Immigrants inspected 

3. Gave Hope and Opportunity for Immigrants

Nativism

1. Liking Native born americans over Immigrants 

2. Led to discrimination against catholics, jews and asians 

3. Fueled by anti Immigrant laws

Chinese Exclusion Act

1. Passed in 1882, banned chinese Immigration to the U.S 

2. First Major law restricting Immigration 

3. Reflected rising racism and job competition 

Settlement Houses

1. Community centers in poor urban Areas

2. Provided education, Childcare and Healthcare for immigrants 

Industrialization

1. Growth of factories and mass production

2. Created many new risky jobs 

3. Increased Urbanization and technological process 

Captains of industry/Robber Barons

1. Captains of industry - Business leaders who helped the economy 

2. Robber Baron - Seen as greedy and corrupt 

Problems of Industrialization 

1. Long hours and unsafe conditions 

2. Child Labor 

3. Pollution and overcrowded cities 

Labor Unions

1. Groups that fought for better wages and conditions 

2. Used strikes as a protest 

3. American Federation of labor 

Major Strikes we Talked about

1. Homestead Strike (1892) - Violent steelworker protest 

2. Pullman Strike (1894) - Rail Workers vs. Federal Government 

3. Haymarket Riot (1886) - Labor rally turned deadly in Chicago 

Sherman Antitrust Act

1. Passed in 1890 to limit monopolies 

2. Tried to promote fair competition 

3. Was weak but then strengthened 

Ida Tarbell

1. Muckraker Journalist

2. Exposed Corruption in standard Oil 

3. Helped lead to antitrust Reforms 

Urbanization 

1. Movement of people from rural to urban areas 

2. caused overcrowding and housing shortages

3. created demand for better infrastructure and sanitation

Bessemer Process

1. Made steel production faster and cheaper

2. Helped build railroads, Bridges and skyscrapers 

3. Major factor in industrial growth

Tenements

1. Overcrowded, poorly built apartment building 

2. Housed many Immigrant families 

3. Lacked Sanitation and Ventilation 

Crime

1. Increased in crowded urban areas

2. Linked to poverty and lack of jobs 

3. Led to calls for police reform and social programs 

Spoils System

1. Gave Government Jobs to Political Supporters 

2. Made Popular By President Andrew Jackson 

3. Led to corruption 

Teddy Roosevelt

1. 26th U.S. President (1901-1909)

2. Square Deal 

3. Started National Parks 

Teddy Roosevelt 

1. Broke up Monopolies 

2. Built the Panama Canal 

3. Improved Trade between Nations 

Square Deal.

1. Control of corporations - make them safer 

2. Consumer Protection 

3. Consercation of natural Resources 

Boss (william) Tweed

1. Political Leader

2. Corruption - stole millions of dolors thought kick backs and inflated contracts

3. Supported Immigrants which helped him gain power

Square Deal

1. Created By Teddy Roosevelt 

2. Monopolies (trust) 

3. conservation 

4. food and drugs act, meat inspection act 

Booker T. Washington

1. Former Slave 

2. Leader of Black community… Believed = rights could be achieved through labor 

3. Disagreed with Dubois 

W.E.B DuBois

1. Educated Black American 

2. Leader of Black Community 

3. Believed equality should be achieved through education 

Plessy vs. Ferguson

1. Civil rights case 

2. Decided that segregation is legal → “okay”

3. Allowed for Jim Crow Laws to Continue on 

Prohibition/Temperance Movement

1. Started in early 1800’s to reduce/Ban Alcohol use Led by women or Religious groups 

2. 18th Amendment (1919) → made production & Sale of alcohol illegal in U.S. 

3. Volstead Act, Enforced prohibition laws 

Suffrage

1. Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Marked the start of women’s suffrage movement 

2. 19th Amendment (1920) 

3. Long Struggle, women fought for over 70 years 

4. Right to vote 

!9th Amendment

1. 1920

2. Gave women the right to vote

3. WOmen of color still face challenges voting

4. Result of decades of Activism

NAACP

1. Founded in 1909 

2. Created by W.E.B. DuBois, Ida B wells

3. Fight racial discrimination to promote civil rights 

Carrie Chapman Catt

1. Suffrage Leader 

2. NAWSA president - National American Women Suffrage association 

3. worked peacefully 

4. Founded league of women voters 

Alice Paul

1. Suffragist and Activist 

2. Founded the National womens Party (1916) 

3. Fought for equal rights movement 

Push Factor

1. War or Violence

2. Poverty

3. Natural Disasters

Pull Factor

1. Job opportunities 

2. Safety and Freedom 

3. Better Living Conditions 

Initiative

1. Citizens Create a law 

2. Petition Required 

3. Public vote 

Referendum

1. Voters approve or reject a law

2. Started By the Government 

3. Gives power to the people

Recall - Reform

1. Citizens Start it

2. Public Vote 

3. Increases Acountabitlity 

17th Amendment 

1. Direct election of senators - citizens vote instead of the house 

2. 1913 

3. Increased Democracy 

Meat Inspection Act

1. Required Inspections for any meat products 

2. Came after the Book The Jungle Came out 

3. Protected consumers 

Pure Food & Drug Act 

1. Banned False Labels 

2. Stopped Harmful products 

3. Led to the creation of the FDA