cells/organelles

what features do some, but not all prokaryote cells have that eukaryotes don’t?

plasmids
slimy capsule
flagella

ribosome size in prokaryotes?

70s

ribosome size in eukaryotes

80s

features of prokaryote cell vs eukaryote?

smaller
no membrane bound organelles
no nucleus
murein cell wall

what are plasmids?

small loops of dna

nucleus structure?

nuclear envelope - double membrane
nuclear pores
chromatin
nucleolus - site of rRNA + ribosome production

nucleus function?

site of DNA replication + transcription
contains genetic code for each cell

RER structure?

cisternae with ribosomes on surface

RER function?

protein synthesis

SER structure?

cisternae

SER function?

synthesises + stores lipids and carbs

golgi apparatus + vesicle structure?

cisternae from which secretary vesicles pinch off of

golgi apparatus function?

• secrete + add carbs to proteins to form glycoproteins

• form lysosomes containing hydrolytic enzymes

• transport + store lipids/proteins

• packages proteins into vesicles

vesicle function?

transport modified proteins + lipids to cell surface/ organelles
for secretion

what are lysosomes?

bags of digestive enzymes

lysosome function?

• hydrolyse phagocytic cells

• break down dead cells (autolysis)

• digest worn out organelles for reuse of materials

what are cisternae?

folded membrane

what is cristae?

inner membrane

mitochondria stucture?

double membrane
cristae
matrix (fluid centre)
loop of dna

mitochondria function?

aerobic respiration site
atp production site
dna codes for enzymes req. in respiration

vacuole structure?

single membrane filled with fluid

vacuole function?

makes cell turgid for support
stores sugars + amino acids

chloroplast structure?

double membrane
thylakoids containing chlorophyll, stacked into grana
lamellae - bridges connecting grana
stroma - fluid matrix
dna + ribosomes

plant cell wall?

made of cellulose microfibrils
for structural strength

fungi cell wall?

made of chitin
for structural strength

plasma membrane structure?

phospholipid bilayer
controls entrance + exit of molecules