Exploring Light Pollution, Curiosity, and Innovation

More than 60 percent of the world, and fully 99 percent of the US and Europe, live under.

Light polluted sky

A unit used by scientists to gauge levels of light pollution.

Lux

The amount of lux that shopping malls use at night.

10-20

Artificial light throws off their migration when they fly at night.

Migratory birds

Experience sunsets every 90 minutes.

People on the ISS

Changed by NASA engineers on the International Space Station so astronauts know when to rest.

LED light bulbs

Changed in mice who were exposed to constant bright light.

Circadian rhythm

Cons include disrupted circadian rhythm, sleep deprivation, increased cancer risk.

Night shift work

A better choice for bedside reading than a blue hue.

Red-shifted lamps

Wrote this essay; teaches at Harvard University; won the 2023 Nobel Prize in Economic Science.

Claudia Goldin

The percent of NBA viewership that the WNBA gets.

30%

1/80

WNBA pay ratio

Television contracts and sponsorships.

Main source of revenue

Fixed pay for the WNBA.

U.S. Soccer Federation

Helps fund the WNBA.

NBA

Drives broadcaster payments.

Audience ratings and advertising

Change needed for WNBA players.

Increased investment

One type of curiosity that feels pleasant.

I-curiosity

The type of curiosity that drives deprivation.

D-curiosity

The brain chemical that spikes with curiosity.

Dopamine

The brain region that boosts memory.

Hippocampus

Curiosity is considered this type of reward.

In and of itself

I-curiosity is about this.

Journey curiosity

What deprivation feels like.

Closed-down Itch

Overrides habit loops.

Curiosity

The emotion that strengthens curiosity.

Interest

What Jobs was most interested in on his tour of Xerox PARC.

GUI (Graphical user interface)

Xerox deal with Jobs

Xerox could buy 100,000 shares of Apple for $1 million.

Perhaps the most famous product in the history of Silicon Valley according to Gladwell.

Personal computer

They failed to capitalize on their innovations.

Xerox's failure

What Jobs wanted Dean Hovey to create.

Mouse design

What you would see if you lined up Engelbart's mouse, Xerox's mouse, and Apple's mouse.

Evolution of the mouse

Technical researchers.

Xerox audience

Everyday consumers.

Apple audience

S = technical vision; U.S. = execution; Israel = adaptation.

Military innovation skills

Apple = U.S.; Engelbart = Israel; Xerox = Soviets.

Apple, Engelbart, and Xerox analogy

According to psychologist Dean Simonton, it is the ability to connect diverse ideas.

Genius

A comic book issue that has no or hardly any words.

Silent Issue

What it's called when the angle of vision is focused so viewers can't see the whole set.

Reveal shot

Turns a 40,000-foot fall into a ballet.

Black Widow's fall

What Black Widow steals from the guy who almost catches her in the air.

A Jetpack

Ranked #1.

Aesop Rock

The number of words analyzed.

35,000

A research methodology to determine an artist's vocabulary.

Token analysis

The artist who popularized 'shizzle'.

E-40

Busta Rhymes and Twista.

Fastest rappers

Said he dumbed down his lyrics for his audience.

Jay-Z

The duo that used slang.

OutKast and E-40

It has evolved and moved away from complex lyricism.

Fewer words today

What does research suggest about night-time light as opposed to the dark?

Night time light is more dangerous

Who is the author of " The health effects of a world without darkness"

Rebecca Boyle

Who is the author of "Creation Myth"

Malcom Gladwell

Who is the author of "How underpaid are WNBA Players"

Claudia goldin