Exam 3

Which blood component is NOT correctly matched with its function?

a. erythrocytes- transport oxygen

b. plasma proteins- globulins (production of antibodies)

c. leukocytes- protect against disease

d. platelets- phagocytize (destroy) bacteria

d. platelets- phagocytize (destroy) bacteria

An individual with Blood Type B, has which antibodies in the plasma?

a. Anti-A

b. Anti-B

c. Both Anti-A and Anti-B

d. None

a. Anti-A

After blood leaves the right ventricle, its next destination is the:

a. abdominal aorta

b. right atrium

c. pulmonary trunk

d. pulmonary veins

c. pulmonary trunk

The most numerous of the leukocytes is the:

a. monocyte

b. eosinophil

c. lymphocyte

d. neutrophil

d. neutrophil

What would be the effect of SYMPATHETIC stimulation of the heart (myocardium)?

a. the heart would beat faster

b. the heart would beat slower

c. the heart would cease beating

d. there would be an increase in venous return

a. the heart would beat faster

Plasma is ___ which formed elements are ___.

a. the liquid portion of blood; the blood cells

b. a blood gas; blood clots

c. lacking in protein; regulators of blood osmolarity

d. the cellular portion of blood; non-cellular components

a. the liquid portion of blood; the blood cells

Concerning electrical conduction of the heart; after the nerve impulse leaves the AV node, it then travels to the:

a. right and left bundle branches

b. SA node

c. Bundle of His

d. Purkinje fibers to innervate the myocardium

c. Bundle of His

Platelets:

a. are also known as Thrombocytes

b. are actually cell fragments

c. play a major role in preventing blood loss

d. all of these are correct

d. all of these are correct

What (element) ion is necessary for the coagulation (cascade) progress?

a. magnesium (mg+)

b. sodium (Na+)

c. calcium (Ca+)

d. potassium (K+)

c. calcium (Ca+)

The usual consequence of Afterload:

a. an increase in heart contractility

b. a decrease in stroke volume

c. reduction in semilunar valve pressure

d. hypotension

b. a decrease in stroke volume

Regarding Frank-Starling Law of the Heart, stroke volume is proportional to:

a. end systolic volume (ESV)

b. end diastolic volume (EDV)
c. heart contractility

d. heart rate and stroke volume

c. heart contractility

A blood clot attached to a blood vessel wall is called a(an):

a. prostacyclin

b. aneurysm

c. thrombus

d. embolism

c. thrombus

The number of ___ typically increases in response to bacterial infections.

a. erythrocytes

b. platelets

c. neutrophils

d. viruses

c. neutrophils

Which of the following plasma proteins is most abundant in blood?

a. immunoglobulins

b. fibrinogen

c. albumin

d. hemoglobin

c. albumin

The heart’s “pacemaker”:

a. SA node

b. AV node

c. Bundle of His

d. Purkinje fibers

a. SA node

Type AB blood:

a. has both A and B antibodies on RBC’s

b. has both A and B antibodies in the plasma

c. has no antigens on the RBC’s

d. has both A and B antigens on the RBC’s

d. has both A and B antigens on the RBC’s

Under normal conditions, the most important factor affecting stroke volume (SV) is ___.

a. low arterial blood pressure (hypotension)

b. increased VR (venous return)

c. reduced HR (heart rate)

d. dehydration

b. increased VR (venous return)

What occurs when a person is transfused with the wrong blood type?

a. the erythrocytes agglutinate

b. fibrinogen is activated

c. hemorrhaging occurs

d. patient bleeds to death

b. fibrinogen is activated

Which plasma protein makes up the chemical structure of antibodies?

a. fibrinogen

b. albumin

c. globulin

d. amino acids

c. globulin

Which blood type is considered the universal donor?

a. Type A

b. Type B

c. Type AB

d. Type O

d. Type O

Which blood type is compatible with blood type A?

a. type O

b. type AB

c. type B

d. type D

a. type O

Tissue that makes up the smooth, outer surface of the heart wall:

a. epicardium

b. myocardium

c. endocardium

d. fibrous pericardium

a. epicardium

An individual with Type B blood has what antibodies in the plasma?

a. Anti-B

b. Anti-AB

c. Anti-A
d. Anti-D

c. Anti-A

A sudden blockage of the right coronary artery could possible result in a (an):

a. myocardial infarction

b. heart attack

c. severe chest pain radiating down the left arm

d. any of the above

d. any of the above

Which cardiac vessel(s) carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs?

a. brachiocephalic trunk

b. superior and inferior vena cavae

c. pulmonary veins

d. pulmonary arteries

d. pulmonary arteries

The heart is located in the thoracic space called the ___.

a. abdominal cavity

b. pericardial cavity

c. myocardium

d. mediastinum

d. mediastinum

A thrombus (thrombosis) that breaks loose from a deep vessel, and travels along the vessel, is now termed a (an):

a. coagulation

b. embolus

c. anemia

d. agglutination

b. embolus

Which heart valve is associated with “Mitral Valve Prolapse”?

a. Right AV valve

b. Left AV valve

c. Pulmonary valve

d. aortic valve

b. Left AV valve

The viscosity of blood is due more to the presence of ___ than to any other factor.

a. platelets

b. nitrogenous wastes

c. fibrin

d. erythrocytes (RBC’s)

d. erythrocytes (RBC’s)

The amount of blood ejected by the ventricles in one minute is termed the:

a. stroke volume

b. cardiac output

c. end diastolic volume

d. blood pressure

b. cardiac output

What process causes the heart semilunar valves to open?

a. higher pressure in the ventricles

b. ventricular repolarization

c. ventricular relaxation (diastole)

d. firing of the SA node

a. higher pressure in the ventricles

Coronary arteries mainly supply:

a. the myocardium

b. the pericardium

c. papillary muscles

d. heart valves

a. the myocardium

After blood leaves the pulmonary veins, its next destination is:

a. the pulmonary trunk

b. the aorta

c. the right atrium

d. the left atrium

d. the left atrium

Cardiac output is mainly dependent on both:

a. heart rate and stroke volume

b. stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance

c. heart rate and systemic vascular resistance

d. blood type and stroke volume

a. heart rate and stroke volume

Which ECG wave records ventricular repolarization?

a. P-wave

b. QRS complex

c. T-wave

d. ST segment

c. T-wave

Which statement is TRUE regarding the Cardiac Cycle?

a. there is a lack of depolarization at the SA node

b. duration of one Cardiac Cycle is approximately 0.8 seconds

c. ventricular depolarization is represented as the T-wave on an ECG
d. is measurable using a blood pressure cuff

b. duration of one Cardiac Cycle is approximately 0.8 seconds

All of the following vessels drain venous blood into the Right Atrium except:

a. coronary sinus

b. superior vena cava

c. inferior vena cava

d. right and left pulmonary veins

d. right and left pulmonary veins

The pulmonary trunk divides into:

a. brachiocephalic trunk

b. right and left subclavian arteries

c. right and left pulmonary arteries

d. right and left pulmonary arteries

d. right and left pulmonary arteries

Which vessel DOES NOT drain into the Coronary Sinus?

a. great cardiac vein

b. Inferior Vena Cava

c. small cardiac vein

d. middle cardiac vein

b. Inferior Vena Cava

Auscultated (heard by a stethoscope) heart sounds (S1 and S2) are indicative oof:

a. closure of AV and semi-lunar valves

b. rapid ventricular filling

c. atrial systole

d. sudden decrease in atrial and ventricular pressure

a. closure of AV and semi-lunar valves

Which of the following could be the result of a Myocardial Infarction?

a. scarring, noncontractile myocardium leading to cardiac arrest

b. angina pectoris

c. tricuspid valve stenosis

d. a signal that a heart attack is no longer imminent

a. scarring, noncontractile myocardium leading to cardiac arrest

The Coronary arteries arise as first branches of this major cardiac vessel:

a. pulmonary trunk

b. ascending aorta

c. inferior vena cava

d. thoracic aorta

b. ascending aorta

Which of the following functions is associated with the blood?

a. delivery of oxygen to tissue cells

b. transport of digestive enzymes to the small intestine

c. maintenance of DNA content of egg cells

d. transport of neurotransmitters across synapses

a. delivery of oxygen to tissue cells

A possible consequence of hypoxia:

a. hypothermia

b. death of tissue

c. excessive; uncontrolled breathing

d. thrombi

b. death of tissue

Which vessel is NOT a branch of the Arch of the Aorta?

a. Right common carotid a.

b. Left common carotid a.

c. Brachiocephalic trunk

d. Left subclavian a.

a. Right common carotid a.

Iron (Fe++):

a. is part of the chemical structure that makes up Hemoglobin

b. is a plasma coagulation factor

c. is a necessary growth factor

d. prevents carbon monoxide from binding to hemoglobin

a. is part of the chemical structure that makes up Hemoglobin

Eventual destination of blood leaving the left ventricle:

a. right ventricle

b. lungs

c. body tissue cells

d. the myocardium

c. body tissue cells

Which blood cells come to the rescue in case of soft-tissue infection or inflammation?

a. erythrocytes

b. neutrophils

c. platelets

d. antibodies

b. neutrophils

Where do most RBC’s due and are recycled?

a. red bone marrow

b. spleen and liver

c. stomach and small intestine

d. colon

b. spleen and liver

Which blood type is considered the universal recipient?

a. Type A

b. Type B

c. Type AB

d. Type O

c. Type AB

In hemolytic disease of the newborn,

a. Anti-D antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus

b. hemolysis of white blood cells may occur

c. fibrin is hydrolyzed

d. the mother frequently dies during childbirth

a. Anti-D antibodies from the mother cross the placenta and affect the fetus

Any patient diagnosed with hemophilia, would have:

a. a disorder of the blood clotting process

b. an infection of the blood (sepsis)

c. an increased erythrocyte count

d. a type of cancer affecting white blood cells

a. a disorder of the blood clotting process

What condition would trigger erythropoiesis (production of new RBC’s)?

a. a mountain climbing to high altitudes

b. uncontrolled hemorrhage

c. hypoxia

d. all of the above

d. all of the above

Most oxygen is transported bound to:

a. beta chains in hemoglobin

b. plasma chains in erythrocytes'

c. carbon monoxide

d. nitrogen

a. beta chains in hemoglobin

Hematocrit is defined as:

a. an indicator of hemophilia

b. the total number of WBC’s per cubic mm

c. the percentage of RBC’s in a given volume of blood

d. an estimate of blood flow/hr.

c. the percentage of RBC’s in a given volume of blood

All coronary veins drain into this structure:

a. superior vena cava

b. inferior vena cava

c. coronary sinus

d. right coronary vein

c. coronary sinus

Each hemoglobin molecule:

a. carries carbon dioxide

b. transports one hydrogen molecule

c. does not utilize iron

d. can carry a total of 4 oxygen molecules

d. can carry a total of 4 oxygen molecules

With uncontrolled diabetes, which of the following harmful effects of blood occurs?

a. uncontrolled bleeding

b. lowered hematocrit

c. reduced effectiveness of antibiotics

d. increased infections due to WBC ineffectiveness

d. increased infections due to WBC ineffectiveness